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低氧胁迫下鱼类的适应性策略
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Abstract:
近年来，水产养殖行业快速发展，鱼类因为具有较高的营养价值而受到青睐。而养殖过程中水体缺氧难题亟待解决。溶解氧是影响鱼类存活的关键环境因素。因此通过研究低氧胁迫下鱼类的机体响应特征和适应性策略来提高经济效益显得尤为重要，本文从生理结构和代谢变化，行为变化，分子机制的微观和宏观变化等方面综述了鱼类对低氧的适应性策略和特征，发现了鱼类低氧时通过激活分解代谢途径产生更多能量，减少生物合成以减少能量消耗。改变生理构造，摄食行为，种群间距，基因表达量，调节自身激素释放以及相应的表观遗传变化来适应低氧环境。此文为低氧条件下养殖鱼类研究作出补充，并为其他水生物种缺氧研究提供思路。
In recent years, the aquaculture industry has developed rapidly, and fish are favored because of their high nutritional value. The problem of hypoxia in the water body in the process of breeding needs to be solved urgently. Dissolved oxygen is a key environmental factor affecting fish survival. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the economic benefits by studying the response characteristics and adaptive strategies of fish under hypoxic stress, and this paper reviews the adaptive strategies and characteristics of fish to hypoxia from the aspects of physiological structure and metabolic changes, behavioral changes, and microscopic and macroscopic changes of molecular mechanisms, and finds that fish produce more energy by activating catabolic pathways when they are hypoxic, and reduce biosynthesis to reduce energy consumption. Physiological structure, feeding behavior, population spacing, gene expression amount, regulation of autohormone release and corresponding epigenetic changes to adapt to the hypoxic environment. This paper supplements the study of cultured fish under hypoxic conditions and provides ideas for the study of hypoxia in other aquatic species.
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