某密闭输送原油管道控制原理的可靠性探讨
Discussion on the Reliability of the Control Principle of a Closed Crude Oil Transportation Pipeline

当前国内指导原油长输管道生产运行的控制原理多为该管道的设计单位编写，而设计单位在建立管道建模型时的沿线参数通常是以查询资料的方式获得对应参数，且该模型所得控制原理均为理论所得，缺乏现场实际运行情况验证，故很有必要建立新的模型对控制原理进行验证。某原油长输管道已经累积约五年的运行数据，可供进行其控制原理的可靠性验证工作。基于该管线清管所得中线成果数据，利用模拟软件建立模型。结合该管道近几年运行数据，逐一对初步设计中的控制原理进行校核，以验证控制原理的可靠性并对存在的缺陷提出相应改进建议。研究结果显示：1) 该管道初设控制原理有两处实际运行的缺陷，需沟通相关部门进行完善；2) 模拟得出超前保护原理下各站进出站泄压极限设定值，可结合各站进出站管线承压恰当调整设定值；3) 通过对不同故障工况下控制原理各步骤的响应时间进行模拟，对部分控制原理给出优化建议。上述研究结果可以在保证控制原理有效的前提下，尽量降低故障工况产生的故障结果(比如原油泄漏量)。
At present, the control principles guiding the production and operation of long distance crude oil pipelines in China are mostly prepared by the pipeline design unit, while the parameters along the pipeline when the design unit establishes the pipeline model usually obtain the corresponding pa-rameters by querying data, and the control principles obtained from the model are theoretical, lacking the verification of actual operation on site, so it is necessary to establish a new model to ver-ify the control principles. A certain crude oil long-distance pipeline has accumulated about five years of operating data, which can be used for the reliability verification of its control principle. Based on the midline results obtained from pigging of the pipeline, the model is established by us-ing simulation software. Based on the operation data of the pipeline in recent years, the control principles in the preliminary design are checked one by one to verify the reliability of the control principles and propose corresponding improvement suggestions for the existing defects. The re-search results show that: 1) The control principle of the pipeline preliminary design has two defects in actual operation, which need to be improved by communicating with relevant departments; 2) Under the principle of advanced protection, the set value of pressure relief limit at each station can be obtained through simulation, and the set value can be adjusted properly in combination with the pressure bearing of the pipelines at each station; 3) By simulating the response time of each step of the control principle under different fault conditions, optimization suggestions are given for some control principles. The above research results can minimize the fault results (such as the amount of oil leakage) under fault conditions on the premise that the control principle is effective.