Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (VHL) is a public health
problem, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess
vaccination coverage against HBV in children
in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional
analytical study conducted in Brazzaville health centres from January to September
2019. It involved children aged between six months and six years who received a
vaccination against HBV. Sampling was exhaustive and based on stratified
sampling. Results: The overall prevalence of children vaccinated against
HBV in Brazzaville was 96.2%. It was insufficient in the Talangai health
district (79%). The pentavalent vaccine was administered to 97.7% of children,
85% of whom had received all three doses. The reasons for incomplete
vaccination were parents’ ignorance of HVB (85.6%) and of vaccination (14.3%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of
vaccinated children is high in Brazzaville, it is still insufficient in some
health districts, particularly Talangai, because parents are unaware of the
disease and of vaccination. Pentavalent is
the only vaccine available in the national vaccination programme, which
is why an effective national vaccination policy needs to be put in place.
References
[1]
Van Damme, P. (2017) Hepatitis B Vaccines. In: Plotkin, S.A., Orenstein, W.A. and Offit, P.A., Eds., Vaccines, 6th Edition, Elsevier Sanders, Philadelphia, 2 p.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59952-6_13
[2]
Stanislas, P. (2007) Epidemiology and Natural History of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. La Revue du Praticien, 14, 6-15.
[3]
Kane, M. (1995) Global Programme for Control of Hepatitis B Infection. Vaccine, 130, S47-S49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(95)93547-M
[4]
World Health Organization (2017) Global Hepatitis Report. Geneva.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565455
[5]
WHO (2016) Global Health Estimates 2015: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and Region, 2000-2015.
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html
[6]
Slowik, M.K. and Jhaveri, R. (2005) Hepatisis B and C Virasses in Infants and Young Children. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 16, 296-305.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.spid.2005.06.009
[7]
Baudon, D., Berger, P. and, Meynard, J.B. (2001) Grandes Endémies. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale: Maladies Infectieuses, 6 p.
[8]
Chang, M.H., Chen, C.J., Lai, M.S., et al. (1997) Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Taiwan Region and the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children. New England Journal of Medicine, 336, 1855-1859.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199706263362602
[9]
Aubry, P. (2012) Viral Hepatitis in the Tropics. Medecine Tropicale, 66, 3-4.
[10]
Nkodia Loumouamou, M.Y.N., Akiana, J. and Gampouo-Gandza, A.L. (2009) Seroprevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Viral Hepatitis B and C in Pregnant Women in Congo Brazzaville. Medecine Tropicale, 69, 407-410.
[11]
World Health Organization (2009) Hepatitis B Vaccine: WHO Position Paper— 2009. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 420, Article 405.
[12]
Institut National de la Statistique (2015) Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MICS5 CONGO 2014-2015. MICS5, 8.
[13]
Sadoh, A.E. and Ofili, A. (2014) Hepatitis B Infection among Nigerian Children Admitted to a Children’s Emergency Room. African Health Sciences, 14, 377-383.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v14i2.13
[14]
Environmental Performance Index (EPI) Congo (2014) External Review of the EPI Congo Carrier out in October-November 2014. Provisional Report, 138, 14-15.
[15]
Le Programme élargi de Vaccination (PEV) (2018) Plan Pluriannuel Complet 2018-2022. 17. https://doi.org/10.3917/apf.181.0017
[16]
WHO Congo Office. Database, 2018.
[17]
Personne, V., Benainous, O. and Lévy-Bruhl, D. (2015) Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage of School Children in Paris between 2002 and 2008. Archives de Pédiatrie, 22, 807-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2015.05.011
[18]
World Health Organization (2016) Information Sheet Observed Rate of Vaccine Reaction Hepatitis B Vaccine, June 2012, Geneva.
https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/pvg/global-vaccine-safety/hep-a-vaccine-rates-information-sheet.pdf?sfvrsn=184724d1_4&download=true
[19]
Pichichero, M.E., Bernstein, H., Blatter, M.M., et al. (2015) Immunogenicity and Safety of a Combination Diphtheria, Tetanus Toxoid, Acellular Pertussis, Hepatitis B, and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Coadministered with a 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and a Haemophilusinfluenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine. Journal of Pediatrics, 151, 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.013
[20]
Heininger, U., the DTP-HBV-IPV-059 Study Group, Sänger, P., Jacquet, J.-M. and Schuerman, L. (2007) Booster Immunization with a Hexavalent Diphtheria, Tetanus Acellular Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae Type B Conjugate Combination Vaccine in the Second Year of Life: Safety, Immunogenicity and Persistence of Antibody Responses. Vaccine, 25, 1055-1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.060
