八段锦对老年患者躯体运动与平衡功能的影响及其功法原理探讨
Exploration of Influence of Baduanjin on Body Movement and Balance Function of Elderly Patients and Principle of Its Exercise

目的：观察老年患者练习八段锦功法功后躯体活动度与平衡功能指标的变化，并从现代医学角度分析、阐述八段锦功法的原理及其对对人体健康的促进作用。方法：选择30例慢性老年病住院患者作为试验组，进行八段锦功法训练，每次30分钟，每天2次，共15天；另设30例非住院老年人作为对照组，均为经过体检符合要求者。各组性别、年龄比例无明显差异。对照组取立位，可间断做广播操或其它热身运动，限制其活动强度，但不限制或干扰大脑皮质的意识思维活动。每次30分钟，每天练习2次，共15天。各组在八段锦功法正式开始前和结束后分别测定平衡能力指标：① 闭目站立试验，② 单腿站立试验，③ 接踵站立试验，④ 闭目对指试验；以及躯体活动度指标：⑤ 上身矢状轴旋转试验，⑥ 上身额面轴旋转试验，⑦ 上身垂直轴前屈试验。结果：1) 试验组和对照组在活动后均可增加受试者闭眼站立时间、单腿站立时间和双足接踵站立时间，都能提高上述三种平衡能力，但自身比较试验组P < 0.01，而对照组P < 0.05，表明八段锦功法对老年患者平衡能力的提高更为显著；练功后各项平衡指标的组间比较P < 0.05，表明八段锦功法对老年患者平衡能力的提高作用明显优于对照组。2) 试验组和对照组在活动后均可提高受试者矢状轴、额面轴和垂直轴三种不同方向的旋转、弯曲能力，但自身比较试验组P < 0.01，而对照组P < 0.05，表明八段锦功法对老年患者躯体活动能力的提高更为显著；练功后各项活动度指标的组间比较，除上身矢状轴左右侧弯没有显著性差异外，垂直轴左右旋转与额面轴前屈运动，试验组与对照组均存在显著性差异(P < 0.05)，表明八段锦功法对老年患者躯体活动能力的提高作用明显优于对照组。结论：研究表明，八段锦通过特定的肢体运动导引和反复进行的意念诱导等“综合性学习行为”，最终可在神经系统的最高级部位大脑皮层建立并强化形成有利于机体的良性条件反射和生理效应。
Objective: To observe the changes in physical activity and balance function indexes in elderly patients after practicing the Baduanjin exercise, and analyze and elaborate the principle of the Baduanjin exercise and its promoting effect on human health from the perspective of modern medicine. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic senile diseases were set as the experimental group to undergo Baduanjin exercise training, 30 minutes each time, twice a day, for 15 days. Another 30 non-hospitalized elderly patients were set as control group, all of whom met the requirements through physical examination. There was no significant difference in gender and age ratio among all groups. The control group took the standing position and could do radio exercises or other warm-up exercises intermittently to limit the activity intensity, but did not limit or interfere with the conscious thinking activities of the cerebral cortex. Practice for 30 minutes, twice a day for 15 days. The balance ability indexes of each group were measured before and after the Baduanjin exercise: ① closed eyes standing test, ② single leg standing test, ③ heel standing test, ④ closed eyes opposite fingers test; and the index of physical activity: ⑤ upper body sagittal axis rotation test, ⑥ upper body frontal axis rotation test, ⑦ upper body vertical axis forward bending test. Results: 1) Both the experimental group and the control group could increase the subjects’ standing time with closed eyes, standing time with one leg and standing time with two feet heel after activity, which could improve the above three kinds of balance ability, but the comparison of the experimental group (P