报废机动车回收拆解企业的危险废物管理对策
Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste in End-of-Life Motor Vehicle Recycling and Dismantling Enterprises

危险废物具有不易降解、毒害性、腐蚀性等特点，随意放置或排放会对水体、大气、土壤乃至人体的健康产生严重的危害，因此危险废物规范化管理非常重要。近年来，我国报废机动车数量激增，全国报废机动车回收拆解资质企业数量持续增加，对我国生态文明建设、循环经济发展做出重要贡献，但是由于存在无证企业非法拆解、部分资质企业环保专业知识缺乏等问题，导致报废机动车回收拆解行业中危险废物管理不规范现象普遍存在，环境污染隐患突出。通过分析报废机动车回收拆解行业存在的问题，提出通过多部门联动，加强行业监管，形成长效监管机制；企业加大危险废物规范化管理力度；加强培训学习和行业帮扶指导，提升资质企业危险废物规范化管理水平等措施，进一步提升报废机动车回收拆解行业的危险废物规范化管理。
Hazardous waste, characterized by its difficulty to degrade, toxicity and corrosivity, causes serious harm to water, atmosphere, soil, and human health if randomly placed or discharged. Therefore, the standardized management of hazardous waste is crucial. In recent years, the number of end- of-life vehicles in China has surged, and the number of qualified enterprises for recycling and dismantling of end-of-life vehicles has continuously increased, making significant contributions to China’s ecological civilization and the development of a circular economy. However, due to issues such as unlicensed enterprises engaging in illegal dismantling, and a lack of environmental expertise in some qualified enterprises, there is a widespread phenomenon of non-standard hazardous waste management in the scrap vehicle recycling and dismantling industry, and the hidden danger of environmental pollution is prominent. By analyzing the problems existing in the recycling and dismantling industry of end-of-life motor vehicles, it is proposed that the long-term regulatory mechanism be established through the cooperation of multiple departments, strengthening industry supervision. Enterprises should intensify the standardized management of hazardous waste, and measures should be taken to enhance training, learning, and industry support guidance, thereby improving the level of standardized management of hazardous waste by qualified enterprises and further enhancing the hazardous waste management in the end-of-life vehicle recycling and dismantling industry.