马克思需要理论视域下农村老龄人口幸福感提升研究
Research on Improving the Happiness of Rural Elderly Population from the Perspective of Marx’s Needs Theory

马克思在“现实的人”的基础上对人的需要进行了阐释，以适应工人阶级的物质、精神和发展的需要，并以此为基础，实现工人阶级和整个人类的自由与解放。人们在需求得到满足的同时，不断地创造出新的需求，从而促进了整个社会的发展，促进了人的全面发展。当前我国面临人口老龄化的问题，为积极应对人口老龄化，加强新时代老龄工作，提升广大老年人的幸福感尤为重要。当前农村老龄人口幸福感不高并存在一些问题：物质保障和健康状况困扰、社会支持和自我价值感缺乏、精神生活和心理问题堪忧。基于马克思人的需要理论，从农村老龄人口的物质需要、社会需要、精神需要三个方面提出对策建议来提升他们的幸福感，对于构建健康养老体系具有重要的推动作用。
On the basis of “real people”, Marx expounded on human needs to adapt to the material, spiritual, and developmental needs of the working class, and based on this, achieved the freedom and liberation of the working class and the entire human race. People constantly create new needs while meeting their needs, thereby promoting the development of the entire society and promoting the comprehensive development of people. Currently, China is facing the problem of an aging population. It is particularly important to actively respond to the aging population, strengthen the aging work in the new era, and enhance the happiness of the elderly. The current rural elderly population has a low sense of happiness and some problems: lack of fundamental material security, lack of companionship and self-worth from others, and worrying mental and psychological problems. Based on the Marxist theory of human needs, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from three aspects: material needs, social needs, and spiritual needs of the elderly population in rural areas to enhance their sense of happiness, which plays an important role in promoting the construction of a healthy elderly care system.