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华南地区寒武系早期放射虫起源研究现状及讨论
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Abstract:
放射虫是确定沉积环境的生物标志之一，为终生浮游的单细胞原生生物，其起源和早期演化一直是热点问题，通过研究，本文综述了寒武系早期放射虫化石的研究历程，总结了在寒武系时期各位前人研究学者对于放射虫起源与演化的研究，并对其多方面可能性的推测进行综述。总结出在华南地区寒武系早期地层中确切报道的放射虫化石类型共有8种，其中已报道的放射虫化石多数属于泡沫虫目，为球形多囊虫类放射虫。随着寒武系早期放射虫不断发现，寒武系放射虫多样性的不断提高，本文推测在寒武系早期地层中，放射虫演化的方向并不是单一的，球形放射虫与Archaeospicularia放射虫很有可能分别为放射虫演化过程中两只单独的演化谱系。由于寒武系早期不同深-浅水地层产出的放射虫整体的形态大小不一，推测放射虫化石的演化也很有可能与水体氧气的含量有一定的联系，但由于放射虫生物起源的复杂性，有关放射虫形态及大小的原始形态特征的研究仍需持续下去。
Radiolarian is one of the biological markers to determine the sedimentary environment. It is a single-celled protist that is floating all its life and its origin and early evolution have always been a hot issue. Through the research, this paper reviews the research process of early Cambrian radiolarian fossils and summarizes the studies on the origin and evolution of radiolarian in the Cambrian period, and it also summarizes the conjectures of various researchers on the possibility of its multi-faceted origin structure. A total of 8 radiolarian fossil types have been reported from the early Cambrian strata in South China. Most of the reported radiolarian fossils belong to the order Spumellaria and are spherical polycysticerca. With the continuous discovery of early Cambrian radiolarians and the increasing diversity of them, this paper suggests that the direction of the evolution of radiolarians in the early Cambrian strata is not a single one, and that the radiolarians of the spheroid and the radiolarians of the Archaeospicularia may be two separate evolutionary lineages during the evolution of radiolarians, respectively. Since the overall shape and size of radiolarian produced in different deep-shallow strata in the early Cambrian are different, it is speculated that the evolution of radiolarian fossils is also likely to be related to the content of oxygen in the water body to a certain extent. However, due to the complexity of the biological origin of radiolarian, the study on the original morphological characteristics of radiolarian morphology and size needs to continue.
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