Post-mortem examination is crucial in examining sudden unexpected deaths. Coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) is a cardiac entity associated with sudden death. A severe CAD could trigger a fatal arrhythmia or myocardial infarction. This report explores the coexistence of coronary artery disease and kidney stones and highlights the intricate relationship between cardiovascular and renal morbidities. This is a case of a 57-year-old man who died suddenly and had autopsy findings of CAD, cardiomegaly, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and multiple kidney stones. It is expedient to exclude cardiac or metabolic diseases in individuals with kidney stones and initiate lifestyle changes geared towards preventing coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and sudden death.
References
[1]
Coe, F.L., Worcester, E.M. and Evan, A.P. (2016) Idiopathic Hypercalciuria and Formation of Calcium Renal Stones. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 12, 519-533. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2016.101
[2]
Bagga, H.S., Chi, T., Miller, J. and Stoller, M.L. (2013) New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Renal Calculi. Urologic Clinics of North America, 40, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2012.09.006
[3]
Alexander, R.T., Hemmelgarn, B.R., Wiebe, N., Bello, A., Samuel, S., Klarenbach, S.W., et al. (2014) Kidney Stones and Cardiovascular Events. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 9, 506-512. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.04960513
[4]
Xu, M., Zhao, Z., Shen, F., Hu, R., Lu, J., Xu, Y., et al. (2022) Modification Effect of Changes in Cardiometabolic Traits in Association between Kidney Stones and Cardiovascular Events. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.923981
[5]
Okrainec, K., Banerjee, D.K. and Eisenberg, M.J. (2004) Coronary Artery Disease in the Developing World. American Heart Journal, 148, 7-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2003.11.027
[6]
Jinnouchi, H., Kolodgie, F.D., Romero, M., Virmani, R. and Finn, A.V. (2020) Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease. Vessel Based Imaging Techniques, Springer International Publishing, 211-227. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-25249-6_11 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25249-6_11
[7]
Glover, L.M. (2015) Association of Kidney Stones with Chronic Disease among Association of Kidney Stones with Chronic Disease among Adults in the United States: Considerations by Race-Ethnicity Adults in the United States: Considerations by Race-Ethnicity. 1033. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/1033
[8]
Cappuccio, F.P., Strazzullo, P. and Mancini, M. (1990) Kidney Stones and Hypertension: Population Based Study of an Independent Clinical Association. BMJ, 300, 1234-1236. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.300.6734.1234
[9]
Wong, Y.V., Cook, P. and Somani, B.K. (2015) The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Urolithiasis. International Journal of Endocrinology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/570674
[10]
Rodgers, A. (2006) The Riddle of Kidney Stone Disease: Lessons from Africa. Urological Research, 34, 92-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-005-0017-1
[11]
Reddan, D.N., Szczech, L.A., Tuttle, R.H., Shaw, L.K., Jones, R.H., Schwab, S.J., et al. (2003) Chronic Kidney Disease, Mortality, and Treatment Strategies among Patients with Clinically Significant Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 14, 2373-2380. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.asn.0000083900.92829.f5
[12]
Seidman, M.A., Mitchell, R.N. and Stone, J.R. (2014) Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Cellular and Molecular Pathobiology of Cardiovascular Disease, 221-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-405206-2.00012-0
[13]
Cheungpasitporn, W., Mao, M., O’Corragain, O., Edmonds, P., Erickson, S. and Thongprayoon, C. (2014) The Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Kidney Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 6, 580. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.145477
[14]
Ferraro, P.M., Taylor, E.N., Eisner, B.H., Gambaro, G., Rimm, E.B., Mukamal, K.J., et al. (2013) History of Kidney Stones and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA, 310, 408-415. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.8780
[15]
Saenz-Medina, J., Muñoz, M., Rodriguez, C., Sanchez, A., Contreras, C., Carballido-Rodríguez, J., et al. (2022) Endothelial Dysfunction: An Intermediate Clinical Feature between Urolithiasis and Cardiovascular Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, 912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020912
[16]
Hage, F.G., Venkataraman, R., Zoghbi, G.J., Perry, G.J., DeMattos, A.M. and Iskandrian, A.E. (2009) The Scope of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53, 2129-2140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.047
[17]
Wang, A.Y.-M., Lam, C.W.-K., Chan, I.H.-S., Wang, M., Lui, S.-F. and Sanderson, J.E. (2010) Sudden Cardiac Death in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients. Hypertension, 56, 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.151167
