CO₂地质封存中碳酸盐岩溶蚀效率影响因素研究
Research of Factors Affecting Carbonate Dissolution Efficiency in CO₂ Geologic Sequestration

随着全球工业化进程的加速推进，化石燃料的广泛应用导致大气中二氧化碳(CO₂)排放量的急剧增加，进而加剧了全球气候变化的问题。在此背景下，CO₂捕集与封存(CCS)技术因其对减缓气候变化、实现碳中和目标的关键作用而备受关注。作为CCS技术的关键环节之一，CO₂地质封存中碳酸盐岩溶蚀的效率直接影响着CO₂的长期封存效果。本研究旨在深入探讨CO₂地质封存中碳酸盐岩溶蚀效率的影响因素，以期为提高CO₂封存效率和确保封存长期稳定性提供科学依据和技术支持。本文详细介绍了CO₂地质封存的多种方案，并分析了各自的优缺点。随后，论文深入探讨了碳酸盐岩溶蚀的动力学过程和速率规律，包括表面溶蚀、体积溶蚀和溶孔扩张，并讨论了影响这些过程的因素，如地质条件、物理因素(温度、压力)和化学因素(pH值、溶解度等)。最后，总结了CO₂地质封存研究的进展，并强调了了解和控制碳酸盐岩溶蚀效率的影响因素对提高CO₂封存效率、确保封存稳定性的重要性。
With the acceleration of global industrialisation, the widespread use of fossil fuels has led to a dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which in turn has exacerbated the problem of global climate change. In this context, CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) technology has attracted much attention due to its key role in mitigating climate change and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. As one of the key aspects of CCS technology, the efficiency of carbonate dissolution in CO₂ geological storage directly affects the long-term CO₂ storage effect. The aim of this study is to explore the influencing factors of carbonate rock dissolution efficiency in CO₂ geological storage, with a view to providing scientific basis and technical support for improving the efficiency of CO₂ storage and ensuring the long-term stability of storage. This paper introduces in detail the various options of CO₂ geological storage and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each. Subsequently, the kinetic process and rate law of carbonate dissolution, including surface dissolution, volume dissolution and pore dilatation, are discussed in depth, and the factors affecting these processes, such as geological conditions, physical factors (temperature, pressure) and chemical factors (pH, solubility, etc.), are also discussed. Finally, the progress of CO₂ geological storage research is summarized, and the importance of understanding and controlling the factors influencing the dissolution efficiency of carbonate rocks is emphasised to improve the efficiency of CO₂ storage and ensure storage stability.