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基于Biome-BGC模型的1979~2018年青藏高原生态系统总初级生产力时空变化格局研究
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Abstract:
在气候变化的背景下，青藏高原作为“世界屋脊”，对全球气候变化具有重要影响。研究这一地区的碳循环格局对于实现中国碳中和目标至关重要。本研究使用高分辨率的中国气象数据集驱动Biome-BGC模型，分析了1979~2018年青藏高原总初级生产力(GPP)的时空变化以及其对环境因子的响应。研究结果显示，青藏高原大部分地区的平均GPP在0至250 gC·m？2·yr？1之间，而东部部分地区GPP高达1250~1500 gC·m？2yr？1。过去40年间，青藏高原GPP整体呈现上升趋势，BGC模型模拟的最大值达到约350 gC·m？2·yr？1，与GLASS和微波遥感数据相似。不同植被类型的GPP都呈正增长趋势，其中森林的GPP最高，达974.45 gC·m？2·yr？1，沙漠最低，仅28.07 gC·m？2·yr？1。草地和灌木地随温度和降雨量上升而大幅增加GPP，达到1200 gC·m？2·yr？1左右的峰值，而裸土呈现波动模式，峰值约70 gC·m？2·yr？1。GPP的频率分布也随环境条件变化而变化。这些发现加深了我们对青藏高原GPP变化和植被对气候变化响应的理解。
Under climate change, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the “Roof of the World”, plays a significant role in global climatic variations. Studying its carbon cycle patterns is crucial for achieving China’s carbon neutrality goals. This research, using high-resolution Chinese meteorological datasets to drive the Biome-BGC model, analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of the total gross primary productivity (GPP) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1979 to 2018 and its response to environmental factors. The findings revealed that the average GPP in most areas of the plateau ranged from 0 to 250 gC·m？2·yr？1, with some eastern regions reaching as high as 1250~1500 gC·m？2·yr？1. Over the past 40 years, the plateau’s GPP generally showed an increasing trend, with the BGC model simulating a maximum GPP of around 350 gC·m？2·yr？1, consistent with GLASS and microwave remote sensing data. All vegetation types exhibited a positive growth trend in GPP, with forests recording the highest (974.45 gC·m？2·yr？1) and deserts the lowest (28.07 gC·m？2·yr？1). Grasslands and shrublands showed significant GPP increases with rising temperatures and precipitation, peaking around 1200 gC·m？2·yr？1, while bare soil displayed a fluctuating pattern, peaking at approximately 70 gC·m？2·yr？1. The frequency distribution of GPP also varied with environmental conditions. These results deepen our quantitative understanding of GPP changes and vegetation responses to climate change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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