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翠雀属植物化学成分和药理研究进展
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Abstract:
翠雀属(Delphinium L.)是毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)中一个属，其化学成分主要包括生物碱、类黄酮和萜类等。其中，生物碱主要为二萜生物碱，并且都具有较高的药用价值。该属植物在藏药领域被广泛应用，其全草或花朵可作为药材使用。这些植物具备清热解毒、促进肝胆排泄、止痛止泻等功效，在临床和民间常被用于治疗肝胆疾病、腹泻、肠道感染以及风湿和牙齿不适等疾病，还可作为土农药来控制虱子和蚊蝇幼虫。本文综述了国内外关于翠雀属类化合物的最新研究进展，重点介绍了近年来发现的二萜生物碱化合物的化学结构与理化性质，并详细阐述了天然产物在药理作用机制方面的相关信息，对于进一步深入探索翠雀属植物提供了理论基础。
Delphinium is a genus in the Ranunculaceae family whose chemical constituents mainly include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Among them, alkaloids are mainly diterpene alkaloids, and all of them have high medicinal value. Plants of this genus are widely used in the field of Tibetan medicine, and their whole plants or flowers can be used as medicinal herbs. These plants possess efficacy in clearing heat and detoxifying toxins, promoting liver and gallbladder excretion, relieving pain and diarrhea, and are often used clinically and folklore for the treatment of liver and gallbladder diseases, diarrhea, intestinal infections, as well as rheumatism and dental discomforts, and as a soil pesticide for the control of lice and mosquito fly larvae. In this paper, we summarize the latest research progress on Delphinium compounds at home and abroad, focus on the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of diterpenoid alkaloid compounds discovered in recent years, and elaborate the relevant information on the pharmacological mechanism of natural products, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of Delphinium species.
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