Background: Sarcopenia is recognized as a progressive syndrome characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, significantly affecting the elderly population. It degrades the quality of life and increases the dependency on healthcare services, presenting a substantial economic challenge. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies globally, influenced by demographic factors and possibly by socioeconomic status, which may affect individuals’ access to healthcare resources, nutritional options, and opportunities for physical activity. Recent advancements in research have led to the development of refined diagnostic criteria based on muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Method: This study employs a comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis of existing research on sarcopenia, focusing on its prevalence, the evolution of diagnostic criteria, and the socioeconomic factors influencing its incidence. We analyze data from various international studies to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on sarcopenia prevalence and the accessibility of effective prevention and treatment strategies. The research methodology includes statistical analysis to identify trends and correlations between sarcopenia and socioeconomic variables. Results: The findings indicate a significant association between sarcopenia prevalence and age, with higher rates observed in older populations. Socioeconomic factors, such as income level and access to healthcare, are strongly correlated with the incidence of sarcopenia, suggesting that lower socioeconomic status is a risk factor for the syndrome. Our analysis also reveals that the refined diagnostic criteria facilitate earlier detection and more accurate assessment of sarcopenia, potentially leading to better management of the condition. Conclusions: Sarcopenia represents a substantial public health issue, with its prevalence exacerbated by socioeconomic disparities. The refined diagnostic criteria offer a more precise tool for identifying and assessing sarcopenia, which is crucial for early intervention. Addressing the socioeconomic determinants of sarcopenia is essential for reducing its prevalence and economic impact. Future research should focus on developing targeted interventions that address both the medical and socioeconomic factors contributing to sarcopenia, aiming to improve outcomes for affected individuals and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.
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