贵州区域飞机积冰时空特征及其气象条件分析
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Meteorological Conditions of Aircraft Ice Accumulation in Guizhou Region

飞机积冰严重威胁着航空飞行安全。本文利用2007年~2023年贵阳机场话音方式航空器空中报告、ERA5再分析资料，采用统计与诊断分析的方法，探讨贵州区域飞机积冰的时空特征、强度特征及有利气象条件。结果表明：贵州区域飞机积冰的发生次数逐年上升，一年四季均有可能出现积冰，其中，冬季(1月)是飞机积冰的高发季(月)。积冰主要集中在3000 m~5000 m高度，且多出现于贵州中北部和东北部地区。Ic积冰指数对积冰发生区域的估算与实况基本一致，但对积冰强度的估算偏弱。5种可能引发飞机积冰的大气环流形势中，静止锋型的飞机积冰出现次数最多。积冰发生时，大气温度介于？20℃~4℃，相对湿度介于75%~100%。
Aircraft ice accumulation is a serious threat to aviation safety. By means of statistics and diagnostic analysis, the spatial and temporal characteristics, intensity characteristics and favorable meteorological conditions of aircraft ice accumulation in Guizhou region are discussed based on the aerial report and ERA5 reanalysis data of Guiyang Airport from 2007 to 2023. The results show that the frequency of aircraft ice accumulation in Guizhou region is increasing year by year, and ice accumulation may occur all the year round, in which winter (January) is the highest season (month) of aircraft ice accumulation. Ice accumulation is mainly concentrated in the height of 3000 m~5000 m, and mostly occurs in the north-central and northeastern areas of Guizhou. The estimation of ice accumulation region by Ic index is basically consistent with the reality, but the estimation of ice accumulation intensity is weak. Among the 5 kinds of atmospheric circulation conditions that may cause aircraft ice accumulation, the stationary front type of aircraft ice accumulation occurs the most frequently. When ice accumulation occurs, the atmospheric temperature is between ？20？C and 4？C, and the relative humidity is between 75% and 100%.