Introduction: Heart failure is a major public health pandemic, particularly in Africa, where its prevalence continues to increase. In northern Mali, few data exist, hence the interest of this study with the objective of studying the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of Heart failure at the regional hospital of Gao. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study that took place from July 2022 to June 2023 in the medical department at Gao Hospital. Results: The hospital prevalence of heart failure was 44.1%. The mean age was 47.30 ± 20 years (range: 16-88). Hypertension was the most common with 46.1%, followed by a sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes with 18.2% and 8.3% respectively; NYHA stage III-IV dyspnea was found in 83.9%. Reduced EF heart failure was present in 110 patients (76.9%), seventeen cases with moderately reduced EF (11.9%) and sixteen patients had preserved EF (11.2%). Global heart failure was the dominant (91.6%). The main etiologies of heart failure were dominated by hypertensive heart disease in 46 patients (32.2%), followed by postpartum cardiomyopathy with 43 cases (30.1%), primary dilated cardiomyopathy in 18 patients (12.6%), ischemic heart disease in 16 patients with 11.2%. Seven cases of valvular heart disease, or 4.9%. The evolution was favorable under treatment in 104 patients or 72.7%. In-hospital mortality was 14.7%. Conclusion: Heart failure is a common condition in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in our country.
References
[1]
Pousset, F., Isnard, R. and Komajda, M. (2003) Insuffisance cardiaque: Aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et pronostiques. In: Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale, Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 17.
[2]
Société Française de Cardiologie (2020) Cardiologie et maladies cardiovasculaires. Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 945-946.
[3]
Bivigou, E.A., Allognon, M.C., Ndoume, F., Mipinda, J.B. and Nzengue, E.E. (2018) Mortality Rate in Patients with Heart Failure at the Libreville University Hospital and Associated Factors. Pan African Medical Journal, 31, Article No. 27. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.31.27.13259
[4]
Affangla, D.A., Ba, F., Ba, D.M., Ndiaye, M., Mboup, W.N., Wabo, S.A., Dione, J.-M.A. and Leye, M. (2019) Epidemiology and Etiology of Heart Failure in Adults at Diabcarmet Centre of the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital in Thiès (Senegal). Revue Africaine de Médecine Interne, 6, 29-37.
[5]
Doumbia, C.T., Maiga, A.K., Fofana, D., Sonfo, B., Diallo, S., Daffe, S., et al. (2021) Aspects épidémiologiques et thérapeutiques de l’insuffisance cardiaque au Service de Cardiologie du CHU de Kati. PAMJ-Clinical Medicine, 6, Article No. 1. https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com//content/article/6/1/full https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj-cm.2021.6.1.24183
[6]
Paule, P., Braem, L., Mioulet, D., Gil, J.M., Theron, A., Héno, P., et al. (2007) [Heart Failure Dueto Non-Infectious Causes in Developing Countries: Etiologic Approach and Therapeutic Principles]. Medecine Tropicale,67, 579-586.
[7]
Boubacar, S., Thiam, C., Camara, Y., Sako, M., Konaté, M., Sacko, D., et al. (2024) Therapeutic Compliance of Patients with Heart Failure at the Day Patient Hospital in Kati. Health Sciences and Disease, 25, 68-71.
[8]
Sako, M., Konaté, M., Touré, M., Koumaré, Y.R., Diakité, M., Thiam, C., et al. (2022) Etiologies of Heart Failure of the Young Subject at the CHU Point G of Bamako. Health Sciences and Disease, 23, 73-76.
[9]
European Society of Cardiology (2023) 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure: Developed by the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the Special Contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European Heart Journal, 44, 3627-3639. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad195
[10]
Boustani, F. (2017) L’essentiel en cardiologie. 2ed Edition Augmentée, Sauramps Medica, Paris, 534-539.
[11]
Ikama, M.S., Kimbally-Kaky, G., Gombet, T., Mongo-Ngamani, S., Ellenga-Mbolla, B.F., Dilou-Bassemouka, L., Ekoba, J. and Nkoua, J.L. (2008) [Heart Failureinelderly Patients in Brazzaville, Congo: Clinical and Etiologic Aspects and Outcome]. Medecine Tropicale, 68, 257-260.
[12]
Jiddou, M., Aziz, I., Touensi, M.V., Yahya, M., Baba, O.M., Santoro, R. and Zein, H. (2015) Prise en charge de l’insuffisance cardiaque au Centre national de cardiologie (CNC) de Nouakchott en Mauritanie Etude rétrospective de 210 cas. Revue Marocaine de Cardiologie, 24, 16-21.
[13]
Pio, M., Afassinou, Y., Pessinaba, S., Baragou, S., N’Djao, J. and Atta, B. (2014) Epidémiologie et étiologies des insuffisances cardiaques à Lomé. Pan African Medical Journal, 18, Article No. 183. http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/18/183/full/
[14]
Traoré, B., Mariko, S., Sidibé, S., Kantako, K., Sako, M., Konaté, M., et al. (2023) Epidemiology and Management of Heart Failure in the Medicine Department of Tombouctou Hospital. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 13, 105-113. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjcd.2023.133008
[15]
Ouédraogo, E.W.M., Ouédraogo, S., Bamouni, J., Banda, A., Ouédraogo, T., Kientega, H., et al. (2022) Heart Failure with Altered Ejection Fraction in Rural Africa: Clinical and Para Clinical Features in Ouahigouya (Burkina Faso). Health Sciences and Disease, 23, 46-50.
[16]
Kheyi, J., Benelmakki, A., Bouzelmat, H. and Chaib, A. (2016) Epidemiology and Management of Heart Failure in a Moroccan Center. Pan African Medical Journal, 24, Article 85. http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/24/85/full/ https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.24.85.8521
[17]
Madjirangar, N., Ali, A.A., Amngar, B. and Lesbre, J.P. (2019) 100 Cases of Clinical and Etiological Aspects of Cardiac Insufficiency in N’Djamena, Chad. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 9, 612-619. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjcd.2019.98053
[18]
Coulibaly, A., Dollo, I., Guindo, H., Dao, K., Togo, M., Guindo, I., et al. (2024) Cardiovascular Causes of Adult Hospitalization at Gao Hospital (Mali). Health Sciences and Disease, 25, 36-41.
[19]
Damasceno, A., Mayosi, B.M., Sani, M., Ogah, O.S., Mondo, C., Ojji, D., et al. (2012) The Causes, Treatment, and Outcome of Acute Heart Failure in 1006 Africans from 9 Countries. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172, 1386-1394. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3310
[20]
Balaka, A., Tchamdja, T., Djibril, M.A., Djagadou, K.A., Tchandana, M., Damorou, F., et al. (2015) Les valvulopathies cardiaques en milieu hospitalier à Lomé (Togo). Pan African Medical Journal, 20, Article No. 168. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.20.168.4979
[21]
Massoure, P.L., Roche, N.C., Lamblin, G., Topin, F., Dehan, C., Kaiser, E., et al. (2013) Insuffisance cardiaque chez l’adulte a` Djibouti: La perspective d’une transition épidémiologique. Médecine et Santé Tropicales, 23, 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1684/mst.2013.0188
[22]
Lucie, B. (2023) Les étiologies de l’insuffisance cardiaque: Classification et pronostic. Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Genève, Genève. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch//unige:174006
[23]
Bouqata, N., Kheyi, J., Sabor, H., Miftah, F.Z., Bouzelmat, H., Chaib, A., et al. (2015) Profil épidémiologique et prise en charge de l’insuffisance cardiaque: Expérience de l’HMIM. Revue Marocaine de Cardiologie, 24, 22-26.
[24]
Damorou, F., Baragou, S., Pio, M., Afassinou, Y.M., N’da, N.W., Pessinaba, S., Tchérou, T., et al. (2014) Morbidité et mortalité hospitalière des maladies cardiovasculaires en milieu tropical: Exemple d’un centre hospitalier à Lomé (Togo). Pan African Medical Journal, 17, Article No. 62 https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2014.17.62.2237
