破墙之花：从女性主义视角解读《德伯家的苔丝》中的冲突与抗争
A Flower Breaching the Wall: An Interpretation of Conflicts and Struggles in “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” from a Feminist Perspective

苔丝·德北菲尔德，托马斯·哈代笔下的悲剧人物，她面临了一系列跨越个人、社会和宿命论维度的冲突，在环境和命运力量的交织下，一步步走向其悲剧结局。在个人层面上，苔丝面临着与情感纠缠和道德困境有关的内心冲突。社会层面上，苔丝身处的维多利亚时代的社会规范、传统价值观和阶级界限森严。这种社会环境迫使她不断在传统角色与自我实现之间寻找平衡。哈代是一个宿命论者，在他看来苔丝的命运似乎早已注定，正是环境因素和命运的无情摆布的共同作用，最终导致她的悲剧结局。哈代通过这一设定，向读者展示了个人在强大命运面前的渺小与无奈。通过这一系列的分析，可以深入理解哈代对维多利亚时代社会的批判——特别是对女性所面临的约束、虚伪的道德观念以及资本主义对农村生活的破坏。
Tess Durbeyfield, a tragic character in the works of Thomas Hardy, faces a series of conflicts across the dimensions of personal, social and fatalism, and moves towards her tragic end step by step under the interwoven forces of environment and fate. On a personal level, Tess faces internal conflicts related to emotional entanglements and moral dilemmas. At the social level, Tess lived in the Victorian era with strict social norms, traditional values and class boundaries. This social environment forces her to constantly find a balance between traditional roles and self-actualization. Hardy is a fatalist, in his opinion, Tess’s fate seems to have been predetermined, and it is the combination of environmental factors and the ruthless manipulation of fate that finally leads to her tragic ending. Through this setting, Hardy shows readers the smallness and helplessness of individuals in the face of powerful fate. Through this series of analyses, we can gain insight into Hardy’s critique of Victorian society—in particular, the constraints faced by women, the hypocrisy of morality, and the destruction of rural life by capitalism.