In order to reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and promote the large-scale and high-quality development of the Chinese rose industry. In this experiment, corn stover biochar, phosphoric acid modified biochar and organic fertilizer were used as test materials, and the effects of mixed application of modified biochar and organic fertilizer on the growth and development of Chinese rose as well as soil physicochemical properties were investigated by using the method of pot planting test. The results showed that modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of soil pH, organic matter content and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. After 120 d of planting, modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of plant height and crown width of Chinese rose; both organic fertilizer and modified biochar with organic fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll content of Chinese rose. The number of flowers and the number of branches were the highest in the modified biochar with organic fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, the application of modified biochar with organic fertilizer can better improve the soil pH, and increase the soil organic matter content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to change the biological traits of Chinese rose. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the resource utilization of agricultural wastes and guarantee the sustainable development of the cut flower industry.
References
[1]
Liu, L., Zheng, X., Wei, X., Kai, Z. and Xu, Y. (2021) Excessive Application of Chemical Fertilizer and Organophosphorus Pesticides Induced Total Phosphorus Loss from Planting Causing Surface Water Eutrophication. Scientific Reports, 11, Article No. 23015. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02521-7
[2]
Yang, Y., Syed, S., Mao, S., Li, Q., Ge, F., Lian, B., et al. (2020) Bioorganic—Mineral Fertilizer Can Remediate Chemical Fertilizer-Oversupplied Soil: Purslane Planting as an Example. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 20, 892-900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00175-4
[3]
Tao, J., Wan, C., Leng, J., Dai, S., Wu, Y., Lei, X., et al. (2023) Effects of Biochar Coupled with Chemical and Organic Fertilizer Application on Physicochemical Properties and in vitro Digestibility of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Starch. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 246, Article 125591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125591
[4]
Ren, K., Xu, M., Li, R., Zheng, L., Liu, S., Reis, S., et al. (2022) Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilizer Use for More Grain and Less Pollution. Journal of Cleaner Production, 360, Article 132180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132180
[5]
Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Wei, Q., Liu, L., Gu, X., Gou, J., et al. (2023) Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Biochar Application Ameliorates the Biological Property and Fertilizer Utilization of Pod Pepper. Agronomy, 13, Article 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061616
[6]
Mu, G., Xu, L. and Zhang, J. (2024) Study of the Utilization of Main Crop Straw Resources in Southern China and Its Potential as a Replacement for Chemical Fertilizers. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, Article 1172689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1172689
[7]
Li, N., Tian, Y.L., Zhang, L., et al. (2024) Research on Action and Technology of Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Increase in China. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 1-23.
[8]
Yu, S.P., Xiong, Y.B., Yang, Y., et al. (2024) Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Tobacco-Planting Soil with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Different Organic Fertilizers. Ecology Journal, 1-11.
[9]
de Lima, W.B., Cavalcante, A.R., Bonifácio, B.F., da Silva, A.A.R., de Oliveira, L.D., de Souza, R.F.A., et al. (2019) Growth and Development of Bell Peppers Submitted to Fertilization with Biochar and Nitrogen. Agricultural Sciences, 10, 753-762. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2019.106058
[10]
Liu, M., Linna, C., Ma, S., Ma, Q., Guo, J., Wang, F., et al. (2022) Effects of Biochar with Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Agronomic Traits and Nutrient Absorption of Soybean and Fertility and Microbes in Purple Soil. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, Article 871021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.871021
[11]
Liu, M., Linna, C., Ma, S., Ma, Q., Song, W., Shen, M., et al. (2022) Biochar Combined with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Promoted the Rapeseed Nutrient Uptake and Improved the Purple Soil Quality. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, Article 997151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.997151
[12]
Rivelli, A.R. and Libutti, A. (2022) Effect of Biochar and Inorganic or Organic Fertilizer Co-Application on Soil Properties, Plant Growth and Nutrient Content in Swiss Chard. Agronomy, 12, Article 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092089
[13]
Li, K., Yue, X.W., Li, X.Y., et al. (2023) Response of Quality and Yield of Red Pitaya to Organic Fertilizer Combined with Biochar. China Soil and Fertilizer, No. 8, 135-143.
[14]
Chen, J., Li, J., Yang, X., Wang, C., Zhao, L., Zhang, P., et al. (2023) The Effects of Biochar-Based Organic Fertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Soil Quality, Beet Yield, and Sugar Yield. Agronomy, 13, Article 2423. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092423
[15]
Chen, L., Li, X., Peng, Y., Xiang, P., Zhou, Y., Yao, B., et al. (2022) Co-Application of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Promotes the Yield and Quality of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) by Improving Soil Properties. Chemosphere, 294, Article 133619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133619
[16]
Zhang, B., Li, X., Fu, T., Li, H., Li, W., Zhang, Q., et al. (2023) Insights into Opposite and Positive Effects of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Red Soil Properties and Growth of Pennisetum Giganteum. Sustainability, 15, Article 15142. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152015142
[17]
Zeeshan, M., Ahmad, W., Hussain, F., Ahamd, W., Numan, M., Shah, M., et al. (2020) Phytostabalization of the Heavy Metals in the Soil with Biochar Applications, the Impact on Chlorophyll, Carotene, Soil Fertility and Tomato Crop Yield. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, Article 120318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120318
[18]
El‐Desouki, Z., Xia, H., Abouseif, Y., Cong, M., Zhang, M., Riaz, M., et al. (2024) Improved Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photosynthetic Rate, and Plant Growth of Brassica napus L. After Co‐Application of Biochar and Phosphorus Fertilizer in Acidic Soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 187, 260-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300052
[19]
Monterumici, C., Rosso, D., Montoneri, E., Ginepro, M., Baglieri, A., Novotny, E., et al. (2015) Processed vs. Non-Processed Biowastes for Agriculture: Effects of Post-Harvest Tomato Plants and Biochar on Radish Growth, Chlorophyll Content and Protein Production. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16, 8826-8843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16048826
[20]
Luo, C.F., Zhang, X.R., Gong, Z.Q., et al. (2024) Effects of Combined Application of Activated Iron Tailings and Magnesium Modified Biochar on Rice Seedling Growth and Saline-Alkali Soil Properties. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, 43, 68-78.
[21]
Luo, H.C., Liu, Q.X., Wang, J.S., et al. (2024) Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Biochar on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Content. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 1-12.
[22]
Sun, J.B., Hu, L.Y. and Li, B. (2024) Effects of Lime and Biochar on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Marigold Growth and Cadmium and Lead Content. Environmental Chemistry, 1-11.
[23]
Ran, J.W., Qi, X., Wu, D., et al. (2023) Integrated Analysis of the Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Nutrient Availability and Ion Exchange Performance. Chinese Journal of Ecological Agriculture (Chinese and English), 31, 1449-1459.
[24]
Ma, D.N., Sheng, J.D., Zhang, K., et al. (2024) Research Progress on the Effects of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients. China Agricultural Bulletin, 40, 42-51.
[25]
Wen, H.B., Du, S.J., Cheng, G.Q., et al. (2023) Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on the Growth Quality, Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities of Chinese Cabbage. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 51, 224-230.
[26]
Hou, J.W., Xing, C.F., Yang, L.L., et al. (2024) The Difference and Relationship between Soil Fertility and Bacterial Community Structure When Carbon Input Such as Biochar and Organic Fertilizer. Environmental Science, 1-15.
[27]
Liu, H., Long, X.Y., Jiao, Y., et al. (2023) Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Phosphate Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Yield. Crop Journal, No. 5, 238-248.
[28]
Martínez-Gómez, Á., Poveda, J. and Escobar, C. (2022) Overview of the Use of Biochar from Main Cereals to Stimulate Plant Growth. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, Article 912264. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.912264
[29]
Hannan, F., Islam, F., Huang, Q., Farooq, M.A., Ayyaz, A., Fang, R., et al. (2021) Interactive Effects of Biochar and Mussel Shell Activated Concoctions on Immobilization of Nickel and Their Amelioration on the Growth of Rapeseed in Contaminated Aged Soil. Chemosphere, 282, Article 130897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130897
[30]
Shi, W., Ju, Y., Bian, R., Li, L., Joseph, S., Mitchell, D.R.G., et al. (2020) Biochar Bound Urea Boosts Plant Growth and Reduces Nitrogen Leaching. Science of the Total Environment, 701, Article 134424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134424
[31]
Cheng, Y.L., Zheng, W.K., Gao, Q., et al. (2023) Effects of Sulfonated Carbon-Based Compound Fertilizer on Wheat Growth and Soil Nutrients in Salinized Fluvo Aquic Soil. China Soil and Fertilizer, No. 7, 32-39.
[32]
He, D., Zhao, Y.Z. and Gao, J.P. (2021) Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield Formation, Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect and Aftereffect of Japonica Rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 27, 2114-2124.
[33]
Zhong, L., Li, G.Y., Chen, G.Y., et al. (2022) Research Progress on Distribution Characteristics of Crop Straw and Preparation and Application of Straw Carbon-Based Fertilizer in China. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 39, 575-585.
[34]
Sun, Q.P., Peng, J., et al. (2021) Effects of Cow dung Biochar-Based Fertilizer on the Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Highland Barley. China Agricultural Bulletin, 37, 19-24.
[35]
Zhu, H.Y., Gao, M., Long, Y., et al. (2020) Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Organic Substitution on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients and Crop Yield in Purple Soil Dry Sloping Land. Environmental Science, 41, 1921-1929.
[36]
Bu, X., Ji, H., Ma, W., Mu, C., Xian, T., Zhou, Z., et al. (2022) Effects of Biochar as a Peat-Based Substrate Component on Morphological, Photosynthetic and Biochemical Characteristics of Rhododendron delavayi Franch. Scientia Horticulturae, 302, Article 111148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111148
[37]
Silos-Llamas, A.K., Durán-Jiménez, G., Hernández-Montoya, V., Montes-Morán, M.A. and Rangel-Vázquez, N.A. (2020) Understanding the Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Oxygen-Rich Biochars by Using Molecular Simulation. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 298, Article 112069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112069
[38]
Liu, L. and Fan, S. (2018) Removal of Cadmium in Aqueous Solution Using Wheat Straw Biochar: Effect of Minerals and Mechanism. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 8688-8700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1189-2
[39]
Liu, Y., Wang, S., Huo, J., Zhang, X., Wen, H., Zhang, D., et al. (2024) Adsorption Recovery of Phosphorus in Contaminated Water by Calcium Modified Biochar Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds. Science of the Total Environment, 909, Article 168426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168426
[40]
Lao, J.Y., Zheng, M.J., Huang, Y.C., et al. (2024) Effects of Astragalus sinicus and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Biochar on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Rice Yield. Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1-14.
Zhao, W.B., Wang, S., Liu, L.L., et al. (2024) Research Progress on the Effect of Biochar on Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Its Effect on Plant Growth. Soil Bulletin, 1-11.
[43]
Leng, L., Xu, S., Liu, R., Yu, T., Zhuo, X., Leng, S., et al. (2020) Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups of Biochar: An Overview. Bioresource Technology, 298, Article 122286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122286
