高速磁浮列车通过隧道车体压力波特征研究
Research on Pressure Wave Characteristics of High-Speed Maglev Train Passing through Tunnel

随着磁浮铁路的不断发展，列车以更高的速度在不同长度隧道行驶时会在隧道内形成压力波，使得隧道内出现高或低于隧道大气压的压力脉动，从而使车体表面遭受疲劳破坏，影响使用寿命。本文采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型特征线法，在论证了研究方法正确性的基础上，分析了单列车通过隧道时车外压力波形成机理，研究了基于车外压力最值的最不利隧道长度以及在该隧道长度下列车车宽的影响特性。研究结果表明：列车驶入隧道瞬间，隧道内流动的空气受到列车壁面的摩擦和热传递，诱发隧道压力波，致使车外观测点的压力缓慢增加。车外最大负压值和最大压力峰峰值随隧道长度的增加呈先增大后减小趋势。宽车体的列车通过最不利隧道长度时，对不同车厢车外观测压力影响较大。本文的研究成果可为车体疲劳强度提供理论数据。
With the continuous development of maglev railway, the pressure wave will be formed in the tunnel when the train travels at a higher speed in different length tunnels, which causes the pressure pulsation of high or lower atmospheric pressure in the tunnel, thus causing fatigue damage to the surface of the car body and affecting the service life. Based on the correctness of the method, the formation mechanism of the external pressure wave when a single train passes through a tunnel is analyzed. The most unfavorable tunnel length based on the maximum value of the external pressure and the influence characteristics of the train width under the tunnel length are studied. The results show that when the train enters the tunnel, the air flowing in the tunnel is subjected to the friction and heat transfer of the train wall, which induces the tunnel pressure wave, resulting in the slow increase of the pressure at the observation point outside the train. With the increase of tunnel length, the maximum negative pressure and the peak value of maximum pressure outside the vehicle first increase and then decrease. When a train with a wide car body passes through the most unfavorable tunnel length, the observed external pressure of different cars is greatly affected. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical data for fatigue strength of vehicle body.