麦后复种绿肥对麦田土壤养分及小麦产量的影响
Effect of Replanting Green Manure after Wheat on Soil Nutrients and Wheat Yield in Wheat Fields

【目的】为研究西北灌区最佳绿肥替代氮肥比例，探究麦后复种绿肥农田土壤养分含量，土壤酶活性变化，结合小麦产量，研究西北灌区最佳绿肥替代化肥比例，为当地小麦种植提供参考依据。【方法】试验一共六个处理：不施肥，当地传统施肥，85%氮肥N + 15%绿肥N，70%氮肥N + 30%绿肥N，55%氮肥N + 45%绿肥N和40%氮肥N + 60%绿肥N，于2023年4月至10月对土壤中有机质、全氮、全碳和硝态氮含量和脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性进行研究。【结果】土壤中有机质、全氮、全碳和硝态氮含量均有不同程度增加，绿肥种植也能增加土壤中脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，70 C + 30 G处理土壤酶活性最高，结合2022年和2023年小麦平均产量，处理70 C + 30 G平均产量最高，为4821 kg/hm²。【结论】西北灌区麦后复种绿肥模式中，70%化肥氮 + 30%绿肥氮处理效果最佳，可同时土壤酶活性最高作物经济最好，达到双赢的目的。
[Objective] To study the optimal green manure replacement ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in northwest irrigation district, to investigate the soil nutrient content of green manure farmland replanted after wheat, changes in soil enzyme activity, combined with the yield of wheat, to study the optimal green manure replacement ratio of fertilizer in northwest irrigation district, and to provide a reference basis for local wheat cultivation. [Methods] The experiment included six treatments: no fertilization, local traditional fertilization, 85% nitrogen fertilizer N + 15% green manure N, 70% nitrogen fertilizer N + 30% green manure N, 55% nitrogen fertilizer N + 45% green manure N, and 40% nitrogen fertilizer N + 60% green manure N. From April to October 2023, the study focused on the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total carbon, and nitrate nitrogen content, as well as the activity of urease and catalase enzymes. [Results] Organic matter, whole nitrogen, whole carbon and nitrate nitrogen contents in soil were increased to different degrees, green manure planting also increased the activities of urease and catalase in soil, and soil enzyme activities were highest in the 70 C + 30 G treatment, and combined with the average wheat yields of 2022 and 2023, the treatment 70 C + 30 G had the highest average yield of 4821 kg/hm². [Conclusion] In the wheat-post green manure cropping model of the northwest irrigation area, the treatment of 70% chemical fertilizer nitrogen + 30% green manure nitrogen yields the best results, achieving the highest soil enzyme activity and the best crop economy, thus reaching a win-win situation.