子女数量对我国农村劳动力工资收入的性别差异影响研究
A Study on the Impact of Children’s Number on the Gender Gap of Rural Labor Force Wage Income in China

新中国成立后，我国生育政策经历了反复探索和不断完善的发展过程，以适应经济发展的需要。随着生育政策的不断调整，由生育带来的劳动力市场中的性别不平等也逐渐引起了学者们的重视。本文基于CGSS (中国综合社会调查)的跨期截面数据，系统地探讨了子女数量对我国农村劳动力工资收入性别差异的潜在影响。经过实证分析，本文得出以下重要结论：总体而言，随着子女数量的增加，农村女性的工资收入将呈现出显著的下降趋势，具体降幅高达24.4%。然而，对于农村男性而言，子女数量的增加对其工资收入的影响则显得并不显著。这一发现揭示了生育情况对农村劳动力市场中性别工资差异的重要影响，并为进一步探讨性别平等与劳动力市场的关联提供了有力的实证依据。分位数回归和异质性分析结果进一步表明，子女数量的增加对中低收入农村女性的收入冲击比高收入农村女性群体更大，且对农村女性工资在各分位点的负面影响显著大于男性，显示出性别间的不平等影响，这种影响在经济发展水平不同的区域也具有差异性。基于研究结果，本文提出了缩小农村工资收入的性别差异，同时提高生育率的政策建议。
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China’s family planning policy has undergone a process of repeated exploration and continuous improvement to adapt to the needs of economic development. With the continuous adjustment of family planning policies, the gender inequality in the labor market brought about by childbirth has gradually attracted the attention of scholars. Based on the cross-sectional panel data of CGSS (China General Social Survey), this paper systematically explores the potential impact of children’s number on the gender wage gap in the rural labor force in China. After empirical analysis, this study concludes the following important findings: On the whole, with the increase in children’s number, the rural female wage income will show a significant downward trend, and the specific decline rate is as high as 24.4%. However, for rural males, the increase in children’s number has no significant impact on their wage income. This finding reveals the important impact of childbirth on the gender wage gap in the rural labor market and provides powerful empirical evidence for further exploring the linkage between gender equality and the labor market. The results of quantile regression and heterogeneity analysis further indicate that the increase in the number of children has a greater impact on the income of low- and middle-income rural females than on high-income rural females. The negative impact of childbearing on rural women’s wages at each quantile point is significantly greater than that of men, showing gender-based inequality effects. These effects also exhibit regional differences in economic development levels. Based on the research findings, this paper proposes policy recommendations to narrow the gender gap in rural wages and raise fertility rates.