超大城市流动儿童社会性生存风险分析及干预路径——基于宏观系统视角
An Analysis of Social Survival Risks and Intervention Paths for Migrant Children in Mega-Cities—Based on a Macro-Systemic Perspective

本文基于生态系统理论视角，重点探讨超大城市中流动儿童面临的宏观系统层面社会性生存风险，并提出相应的干预路径。研究发现，超大城市中流动儿童面临的宏观社会性生存风险主要来自两个方面：第一，政策层面的限制，表现为入学门槛的提高和异地升学的困难，这直接影响流动儿童的教育机会获得，并间接影响家庭对其教育的期望和策略。第二，社会观念层面的隔阂，包括社会对流动儿童普遍存在负面刻板印象，以及本地居民出于资源竞争意识产生的排外情绪，这不利于流动儿童的城市融入和身心发展。针对这些问题，本文提出了两方面的宏观干预路径：一是政策层面，应提升流动儿童家庭的社会经济地位，平衡教育资源配置。二是社会观念层面，应促进社会对流动儿童的正面认知，通过加强群际接触和交流，建立更加包容和谐的城市氛围。本文揭示了超大城市流动儿童面临的独特社会性风险，强调从生态系统的宏观视角理解和应对这一问题的重要性。
This paper, grounded in ecological systems theory, focuses on exploring the macro-systemic social survival risks faced by migrant children in mega-cities and proposes corresponding intervention paths. The study finds that the major macro-level social survival risks encountered by migrant children in mega-cities stem from two aspects. First, policy-level restrictions, manifested as heightened barriers to school enrollment and difficulties in pursuing education in a different location, directly affect migrant children’s access to educational opportunities and indirectly influence their families’ expectations and strategies regarding their education. Second, social perception gaps, including the prevalence of negative stereotypes towards migrant children and the exclusionary sentiments of local residents arising from perceived resource competition, hinder migrant children’s integration into the city and their physical and mental development. To address these issues, this paper proposes two macro-level intervention paths. First, at the policy level, the socioeconomic status of migrant children’s families should be elevated, and the allocation of educational resources should be balanced. Second, at the level of social perceptions, positive recognition of migrant children should be fostered by strengthening intergroup contact and communication, thereby establishing a more inclusive and harmonious urban atmosphere. This paper unveils the unique social risks faced by migrant children in mega-cities and emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing this issue from a macro-systemic perspective within the ecological framework.