井中微地震监测采集系统改进方法研究
Research on an Improved Method for a Well-Based Microseismic Monitoring Acquisition System

井中三分量微地震监测仪主要用于页岩气开采过程中对微地震事件的捕捉，能够较真实地反应压裂过程中震源的位置、目标储层上覆岩层稳定性与受损程度，能够监测开采区井田区域范围的构造裂隙发育情况和变化趋势，可作为了解页岩气水压裂对深部地质结构造成影响的技术手段。井中微地震采集系统有工作时间长、连续监测和实时性要求高的特点，由于工作环境复杂，要求采集系统非常稳定、可靠，且适应性强。而实际工作中会经常出现外接电源不稳或者供电系统中接入其他大功率负载导致电涌冲击的情况，使得通讯信噪比和最大传输速率下降，导致采集数据丢失系统报错。本方法通过对传统微地震监测采集系统的改进，解决微地震采集作业过程中外接电源不稳或者有干扰导致数据丢失的问题，同时保障仪器能长时间稳定处于高采样率工作状态，实时记录更多频率段的微地震数据。
The three-component microseismic monitoring instrument in the well is mainly used to capture microseismic events during the shale gas exploitation process. It can more truly reflect the location of the seismic source during the fracturing process, the stability and damage degree of the overlying rock strata of the target reservoir, and can monitor the development and changing trend of tectonic fractures within the mining area of the minefield. It can serve as a technical means to understand the impact of shale gas hydraulic fracturing on deep geological structures. The well-based microseismic acquisition system is characterized by long working hours, continuous monitoring, and high real-time requirements. Due to the complexity of the working environment, the acquisition system must be extremely stable, reliable, and adaptable. However, in practical work, issues such as unstable external power supplies or power surges caused by connecting other high-power loads to the power supply system frequently occur. These issues can lead to decreased signal-to-noise ratio and maximum transmission rates, resulting in data loss and system errors. This improved method addresses the issues of unstable external power supplies or interference that can lead to data loss during microseismic acquisition operations by enhancing the traditional microseismic monitoring and acquisition system. Additionally, it ensures that the instrumentation can operate stably at high sampling rates for extended periods, enabling real-time recording of microseismic data across a wider range of frequencies.