基于遥感解译的红树林变化监测分析
Monitoring and Analysis of Mangrove Changes Based on Remote Sensing Interpretation

随着现代遥感技术的蓬勃发展，基于遥感技术提取红树林长时间序列动态变化已成为开展红树林生态系统监测评估最有效的方法之一。本文以广东珠海市淇澳岛红树林群落为研究区域，利用Landsat卫星1990~2020年7个时期的遥感数据，自动提取了淇澳岛7个时期的红树林分布特征。结果证明：(1) 淇澳岛红树林面积总体上呈逐年增长趋势，淇澳岛红树林面积增长速度最快，面积增长了近5倍；(2) 淇澳岛红树林由呈现靠海岸分布逐渐转变为集中分布；自然生长的红树林数量下降，人工栽植的红树林数量上升。主要是由于近十多年来对红树林的重视和加大了对红树林的保护力度，红树林保护区的设立对珠海淇澳岛红树林的保护起到了重要的作用。
With the vigorous development of modern remote sensing technology, extracting long-term dynamic changes of mangroves based on remote sensing technology has become one of the most effective methods for monitoring and evaluating mangrove ecosystems. This study focuses on the mangrove community of Qi’ao Island in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. Utilizing Landsat satellite data from 1990 to 2020, the study automatically extracted the distribution characteristics of mangroves on Qi’ao Island during seven different periods. The results demonstrate: (1) the overall area of mangroves on Qi’ao Island has shown a year-on-year increasing trend, with the fastest growth rate resulting in nearly a five-fold increase in area; (2) the distribution of mangroves on Qi’ao Island has shifted from being primarily coastal to more concentrated, with a decrease in naturally grown mangroves and an increase in artificially planted ones. This shift is mainly attributed to the increased attention and protection efforts towards mangroves in the past decade, with the establishment of mangrove reserves playing a significant role in the protection of mangroves on Qi’ao Island in Zhuhai.