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Modern Physics 2024
中微子振荡诱导放射性衰变研究
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Abstract:
放射性元素的衰变率通常被认为是恒定不变的常数，但是近年来有关太阳中微子通量可能影响放射性元素衰变率的研究引起了人们的关注和争论。本文根据中微子振荡理论和放射性元素衰变模型，研究了中微子振荡的物质效应及所形成的有效势场对放射性原子的影响。结果表明，中微子振荡的物质效应(MSW)是中微子与介质核子的共振；该共振不同于单个粒子之间的碰撞反应，它是中微子与介质粒子之间通过势场耦合的集体行为；该共振在强烈影响中微子振荡，导致中微子味转换几率增强的同时，也会对介质原子产生影响，激发其中的不稳定放射性原子核，增大其衰变几率。同时，我们还证明，即使中微子不能与介质核子(包括其中的放射性核素)形成共振(MSW)，只要中微子振荡能够形成稳定的周期性有效势场，也会对放射性原子的衰变率产生影响。最后，我们对放射性元素衰变率测量值的波动进行了解释，并讨论了中微子振荡诱导放射性衰变的重要意义。
Usually, the decay rate of radioactive elements is considered to be a constant, but in recent years, studies on the possible influence of the solar neutrino flux on the decay rate of radioactive elements have attracted attention and controversy. In this paper, we investigate the material effects of neutrino oscillations and the influence of the resulting effective potential field on radioactive nuclei based on the theory of neutrino oscillations and the model of the decay of radioactive elements. The results show that matter effect on neutrino oscillations (MSW) is a resonance of neutrinos with atoms in medium. This resonance is different from the reaction of collisions between individual particles and is a collective behavior between neutrinos and atoms in medium linked by a potential field. This resonance, while strongly affecting neutrino oscillations and leading to enhanced neutrino flavor conversion probability, also affects atoms in medium, exciting unstable radioactive nuclei in them and increasing their decay probability. Furthermore, we show that even if neutrinos cannot form resonances (MSW) with atoms in medium (including radioactive atoms therein), neutrino oscillations can have an effect on the decay rate of radioactive atoms as long as they are capable of forming a stable periodic effective potential field. Finally, we explain the fluctuations in the measured decay rates of radioactive elements and discuss the significance of neutrino oscillation-induced radioactive decay.
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