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可移动式微型反应堆假设事故下辐射剂量计算
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Abstract:
小微型反应堆具有固有安全性高、运行特性简单、长期持续供能、易于模块化和运输特性良好等特点，受到格外关注。本文采用蒙特卡罗程序cosRMC对可移动式微型反应堆HOPE (HOt Pipe cooled nuclear Energy system)运行10年后堆芯积存量进行了计算，参考IAEA推荐和美国NRC导则1.183规定的事故下放射性物质释放份额计算事故源项，采用美国劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室(LLNL) HotSpot3.1程序进行放射性核素大气扩散模拟计算，分析了不同大气稳定度、事故释放高度、地形、逆温层高度、风速和降雨量对该反应堆事故情景下放射性物质的扩散和公众辐射剂量的影响。保守气象条件下总有效剂量(Total Effective Dose, TED)计算结果表明：HOPE运行10年后在假设事故下将会有大量放射性物质被释放到环境中，10 mSv及以上剂量被限制在2.5 km以内，烟羽通过路径内超过4 km的TED小于1 mSv，因此公众接受的剂量水平不会超过1 mSv，满足公众每年允许的剂量限制。参考小型反应堆建议的应急计划区划分标准，根据保守估计结果建议将该堆的应急计划区确定在3.22 km。研究结果为可移动式微堆的应急计划区划分和事故后果评价提供参考。
Small and micro reactors have attracted special attention due to their inherent high safety, simple operating characteristics, long-term continuous energy supply, ease of modularization, and good transportation characteristics. This article uses the Monte Carlo program cosRMC to calculate the core inventory of a mobile micro reactor HOPE (HOt Pipe cooled nuclear Energy system) after 10 years of operation. Referring to the preset accident radioactive material release share recommended by the IAEA and the US NRC guideline 1.183, the source term is assumed to occur in the event of a serious nuclear accident. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) HotSpot 3.1 program is used to simulate the atmospheric diffusion of radioactive nuclides and analyze the effects of different atmospheric stability, accident release heights, terrain, inversion layer heights, wind speed, and rainfall on the diffusion of radioactive substances and public radiation dose in the reactor accident scenario. The calculation results of Total Effective Dose (TED) under conservative meteorological conditions indicate that after 10 years of operation of HOPE, a large amount of radioactive substances will be released into the environment under hypothetical accidents. Doses of 10 mSv and above are limited to 2.5 km, and TED exceeding 4 km along the path of smoke is less than 1 mSv. Therefore, the dose level accepted by the public will not exceed 1 mSv, meeting the annual allowable dose limit for the public. Based on the conservative estimation results, it is recommended to determine the emergency plan area of the micro reactor at 3.22 km, taking into account the recommended emergency plan area classification criteria. The research results provide reference for the emergency planning area division and accident consequence evaluation of mobile micro reactors.
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