跨境数据流动限制对服务业全球价值链参与度的影响研究
Study on the Impact of Cross-Border Data Flow Restrictions on the Participation of Service in Global Value Chains

全球经济数字化背景下，全球价值链以服务为主导的趋势日益凸显，数据流动限制性措施越发成为影响服务贸易发展最重要制度变量之一。本文基于ADB、UIBE、TAPED、OECD数据库，研究了2014~2021年跨境数据流动限制对48个国家18个服务行业全球价值链参与度的影响机制和作用效果。研究发现，跨境数据流动限制的提高会通过提升服务贸易成本，显著抑制服务业全球价值链参与度的提升，并受互联网渗透率与价值链长度调节。进一步对不同发展程度经济体、生产性与消费性服务业、贸易协定参与度进行异质性分析发现，跨境数据流动限制对服务业全球价值链参与度就消费性服务业、中式模版的全球价值链参与度的抑制作用更为明显，在一定程度上受跨境数据流动规则深度的影响。本文还通过工具变量、替换变量法与缩短研究区间进行稳健性检验。以上研究结论对推动我国积极参与全球数字治理及规则制定，实现服务业提质增效，促进服务业数字化转型升级，提升服务业全球价值链参与度提供了一定的理论基础和事实依据，具有重要的现实意义。
Under the background of the digitalization of the global economy, the trend of global value chain dominated by services has become increasingly prominent, and the restrictive measures of data flow have increasingly become one of the most important institutional variables affecting the development of service trade. Based on ADB, UIBE, TAPED and OECD databases, this paper studies the mechanism and effect of cross-border data flow restrictions on global value chain participation of 18 service industries in 48 countries from 2014 to 2021. It is found that the increase of cross-border data flow restrictions will significantly inhibit the increase of service industry participation in the global value chain by increasing the cost of service trade, and is regulated by Internet penetration and value chain length. Further heterogeneity analysis of economies with different levels of development, producer and consumer services, and participation in trade agreements shows that cross-border data flow restrictions have a more significant inhibitory effect on participation in GVC of service industries, consumer services and Chinese model GVC participation, which are to some extent affected by the depth of cross-border data flow rules. The robustness test is also carried out by means of instrumental variable, alternative variable method and shortening research interval. The above research conclusions provide a certain theoretical basis and factual basis for promoting China’s active participation in global digital governance and rule-making, improving the quality and efficiency of the service industry, promoting the digital transformation and upgrading of the service industry, and enhancing the global value chain of the service industry, which has important practical significance.