Realism emerged in the 19th century as a rebellion against Romanticism and other ideological schools of thought, emphasizing social reality and scientific methods. Realism is seen as a symbolic choice and a political goal, defined as a credible expression of reality. In film, realism emphasizes naturalistic narrative techniques and the use of non-professional actors, striving to present genuine social life and human emotions. From a postmodern perspective, documentary images might break the fourth wall, emphasizing diversity, uncertainty, and relativity. This approach opposes absolute truths and grand narratives, instead focusing on local, temporary, and pluralistic viewpoints. This paper utilizes theories from narrative studies, anthropology, aesthetics, and communication studies to discuss the construction of reality in documentaries.
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