The global awareness and utilization of superplasticizers (SPs) in concrete have significantly contributed to developing resilient and sustainable infrastructure. Despite this, many developing nations face limited adoption of SPs in construction practices due to a lack of knowledge. This study provides a concise overview of concrete’s mechanical and durability properties, comparing formulations with and without superplasticizers. The focus is on compressive and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, water sorptivity, and chloride penetration. The results underscore the considerable improvement in both mechanical and durability properties when SPs are incorporated. The study recommends the widespread use of SPs, particularly in developing countries, to enhance the longevity of concrete structures.
References
[1]
Flatt, R.J. (1998) Analysis of Superplasticizers Used in Concrete. Analusis, 26, 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1051/analusis:199826020028
[2]
Ramachandran, D., George, R.P., Vishwakarma, V. and Kamachi Mudali, U. (2016) Strength and Durability Studies of Fly Ash Concrete in Sea Water Environments Compared with Normal and Superplasticizer Concrete. KSCEJournalofCivilEngineering, 21, 1282-1290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0272-4
[3]
Parra, C., Valcuende, M. and Gómez, F. (2011) Splitting Tensile Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Self-Compacting Concrete. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 25, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.037
[4]
Aruntaş, H.Y., Cemalgil, S., Şimşek, O., Durmuş, G. and Erdal, M. (2008) Effects of Super Plasticizer and Curing Conditions on Properties of Concrete with and without Fiber. MaterialsLetters, 62, 3441-3443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.02.064
[5]
Mardani-Aghabaglou, A., Tuyan, M., Yılmaz, G., Arıöz, Ö. and Ramyar, K. (2013) Effect of Different Types of Superplasticizer on Fresh, Rheological and Strength Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 47, 1020-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.105
[6]
Devi, K., Aggarwal, P. and Saini, B. (2019) Admixtures Used in Self-Compacting Concrete: A Review. IranianJournalofScienceandTechnology, TransactionsofCivilEngineering, 44, 377-403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-019-00244-4
[7]
Sathyan, D. and Anand, K.B. (2019) Influence of Superplasticizer Family on the Durability Characteristics of Fly Ash Incorporated Cement Concrete. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 204, 864-874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.171
[8]
Björnström, J. and Chandra, S. (2003) Effect of Superplasticizers on the Rheological Properties of Cements. MaterialsandStructures, 36, 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02479503
[9]
Houst, Y.F., Bowen, P., Perche, F., Kauppi, A., Borget, P., Galmiche, L., etal. (2008) Design and Function of Novel Superplasticizers for More Durable High Performance Concrete (Superplast Project). CementandConcreteResearch, 38, 1197-1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.04.007
[10]
Kong, X., Zhang, Y. and Hou, S. (2013) Study on the Rheological Properties of Portland Cement Pastes with Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers. RheologicaActa, 52, 707-718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-013-0713-7
[11]
Stecher, J. and Plank, J. (2019) Novel Concrete Superplasticizers Based on Phosphate Esters. CementandConcreteResearch, 119, 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.01.006
[12]
Flatt, R. and Schober, I. (2012) Superplasticizers and the Rheology of Concrete. In: Roussel, N., Ed., UnderstandingtheRheologyofConcrete, Elsevier, 144-208. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095282.2.144
[13]
Torres, A., Aguayo, F., Allena, S. and Ellis, M. (2019) The Effect of Various Superplasticizers on Ultra High Strength Concrete. In: Martirena-Hernandez, J.F., Alujas-Díaz, A. and Amador-Hernandez, M., Eds., ProceedingsoftheInternationalConferenceofSustainableProductionandUseofCementandConcrete, Springer International Publishing, 167-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22034-1_19
[14]
Matias, D., de Brito, J., Rosa, A. and Pedro, D. (2013) Mechanical Properties of Concrete Produced with Recycled Coarse Aggregates—Influence of the Use of Superplasticizers. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 44, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.011
[15]
Manomi, N., Sathyan, D. and Anand, K.B. (2018) Coupled Effect of Superplasticizer Dosage and Fly Ash Content on Strength and Durability of Concrete. MaterialsToday: Proceedings, 5, 24033-24042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.196
[16]
Cheah, C.B. and Ramli, M. (2013) The Engineering Properties of High Performance Concrete with HCWA-DSF Supplementary Binder. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 40, 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.10.010
[17]
Arslan, H., Aytaç, U.S., Bilir, T. and Şen, Ş. (2019) The Synthesis of a New Chitosan Based Superplasticizer and Investigation of Its Effects on Concrete Properties. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 204, 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.209
[18]
Bravo, M., de Brito, J., Evangelista, L. and Pacheco, J. (2017) Superplasticizer’s Efficiency on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregates Concrete: Influence of Recycled Aggregates Composition and Incorporation Ratio. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 153, 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.103
[19]
Andrade Neto, J.d.S., de França, M.J.S., Amorim Júnior, N.S.d. and Ribeiro, D.V. (2021) Effects of Adding Sugarcane Bagasse Ash on the Properties and Durability of Concrete. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 266, Article 120959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120959
[20]
Sardinha, M., de Brito, J. and Rodrigues, R. (2016) Durability Properties of Structural Concrete Containing Very Fine Aggregates of Marble Sludge. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 119, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.071
[21]
Pereira, P., Evangelista, L. and de Brito, J. (2012) The Effect of Superplasticisers on the Workability and Compressive Strength of Concrete Made with Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 28, 722-729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.050
[22]
Tkaczewska, E. (2014) Effect of the Superplasticizer Type on the Properties of the Fly Ash Blended Cement. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 70, 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.096
[23]
Sha, F., Li, S., Liu, R., Li, Z. and Zhang, Q. (2018) Experimental Study on Performance of Cement-Based Grouts Admixed with Fly Ash, Bentonite, Superplasticizer and Water Glass. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 161, 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.034
[24]
Al-Hussaini, O.M., AL-Baghdadi, W.H., Al-Labban, S.N. and Jabal, Q.A. (2020) Investigation the Properties of Waste Plastic Fiber Concrete Modified with HP-570 Super-Plasticizer. IOPConferenceSeries: MaterialsScienceandEngineering, 978, Article 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/978/1/012026
[25]
Pereira, P., Evangelista, L. and de Brito, J. (2012) The Effect of Superplasticizers on the Mechanical Performance of Concrete Made with Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates. CementandConcreteComposites, 34, 1044-1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.009
[26]
Alsalman, A., Dang, C.N., Prinz, G.S. and Hale, W.M. (2017) Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity of Ultra-High Performance Concrete. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 153, 918-928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.158
[27]
American Concrete Institute (ACI) (2014) Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318R-14). American Concrete Institute, 317 p.
[28]
ACI Committee 363 (2010) Report on High-Strength Concrete (ACI 363R-10). ACI, 27 p.
[29]
Ma, J., Dehn, F., Tue, N.V., Orgasms, M. and Schmidt, D. (2004) Comparative Investigations on Ultra-High Performance Concrete with and without Coarse Aggregates. Proceedingsofthe 1stInternationalSymposiumonUltra-HighPerformanceConcrete, Kassel, 13-15 September 2004, 205-212.
[30]
Pal, P. (2019) Dynamic Poisson’s Ratio and Modulus of Elasticity of Pozzolana Portland Cement Concrete. InternationalJournalofEngineeringandTechnologyInnovation, 9, 131-144.
[31]
Popovic, J.S. (2008) A Study of Static and Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete.
[32]
Noguchi, T., Tomosawa, F., Nemati, K.M., Chiaia, B.M. and Fantilli, A.P. (2009) A Practical Equation for Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete. ACIStructuralJournal, 106, 690-696.
[33]
Zhu, W. (2005) Microstructure and Properties of Interfacial Transition Zone in SCC. SCC 2005-China—1stInternationalSymposiumonDesign, PerformanceandUseofSelf-ConsolidatingConcrete, Changsha, 26-28 May 2005, 319-327.
[34]
Patel, V. and Shah, N. (2016) Durability Study of M70 Grade Structural Concrete. IranianJournalofScienceandTechnology, TransactionsofCivilEngineering, 41, 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-016-0046-8
[35]
Najimi, M., Sobhani, J., Ahmadi, B. and Shekarchi, M. (2012) An Experimental Study on Durability Properties of Concrete Containing Zeolite as a Highly Reactive Natural Pozzolan. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 35, 1023-1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.038
[36]
Law, D.W., Adam, A.A., Molyneaux, T.K., Patnaikuni, I. and Wardhono, A. (2014) Long Term Durability Properties of Class F Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete. MaterialsandStructures, 48, 721-731. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0268-9
[37]
Dhanya, S., Anand, K.B. and Mini, K.M. (2016) Experimental Study on Portland Pozzolana Cement-Superplasticiser Compatibility in Mortar. InternationalJournalofEarthScienceandEngineering, 9, 539-544.
[38]
Sujay, H.M., Nair, N.A., Sudarsana Rao, H. and Sairam, V. (2020) Experimental Study on Durability Characteristics of Composite Fiber Reinforced High-Performance Concrete Incorporating Nanosilica and Ultra Fine Fly Ash. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 262, Article 120738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120738
[39]
Biskri, Y., Achoura, D., Chelghoum, N. and Mouret, M. (2017) Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of High Performance Concrete Containing Steel Slag and Crystalized Slag as Aggregates. ConstructionandBuildingMaterials, 150, 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.083
[40]
Ramasamy, V. (2011) Compressive Strength and Durability Properties of Rice Husk Ash Concrete. KSCEJournalofCivilEngineering, 16, 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-0779-2