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基于CRISPR-Cas生物传感系统的食源性病原微生物检测研究进展
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Abstract:
食源性病原微生物是涉及食品安全的重要因素，传统检测方法中存在诸多局限性问题，如预处理复杂、周转时间长、灵敏度低、依赖大型仪器设备等。新发现的CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)技术在现阶段微生物检测领域出现许多新的研究进展。利用现代生物学方法基于CRISPR-Cas生物传感系统的开发，可以解决传统检测方式中的诸多问题。文章综述了依托三类Cas蛋白(Cas9、Cas12、Cas13)构建的生物传感器，并将这些生物传感器应用于食源性病原微生物的检测。这些基于CRISPR-Cas系统的传感技术有效克服了传统检测方法存在的限制，具有特异性强、灵敏度高、检测成本低的特点。文章还概述了该技术在目前研究和应用阶段遇到的问题，并对CRISPR-Cas生物传感器未来的发展方向进行了前瞻，同时提出了新的观点和可能的应用，以进一步探寻其在微生物检测领域的未来潜力。随着CRISPR-Cas系统的发展与完善，其必将在食源性微生物检测方面得到越发广泛的应用。
Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms are important factors related to food safety, and traditional detection methods have many limitations. The newly discovered clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has made many new advances in microbial detection. The use of modern biological methods based on the development of CRISPR-Cas biosensor system can provide new ideas for traditional detection methods, and solve the problems of traditional detection methods, such as complex pretreatment and long turnaround time. This article mainly reviews studies on the detection of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms based on the biosensing system with three Cas proteins (Cas9, Cas12, Cas13), which has many advantages, such as high sensitivity, high specificity, low cost and so on, breaking the limitations faced by traditional foodborne pathogenic microorganisms detection. The challenges in the current development and application of this method are summarized, and the future development prospect of the new biosensor CRISPR-Cas system is prospected and new thinking is provided for future applications to explore its potential application in microbial detection. As the CRISPR-Cas system continues to evolve and enhance, its application in identifying foodborne microbes is expected to expand significantly.
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