With the modern advancement of treatment approaches in medical science, the application of biomaterials in tissue engineering provides a remarkable opportunity to overcome graft rejection as well as proper wound healing. In this study, novel hybrid films have been synthesized by incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin, and gelatin with glycerin along with different concentrations of pre-prepared hydroxyapatite (HAP) by solution casting method at room temperature in a biosafety cabinet. Glutaraldehyde has been added as a crosslinker in this whole procedure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) have been conducted to observe and compare the structural and chemical stability of the synthesized hybrid film properties. The FTIR results and X-Ray Diffraction analyses confirmed the chemical interactions between HAP, PVA, gelatin, and glycerin have occurred. The crystallinity of HAP also remains in all the prepared hybrid film samples that are observed in XRD. It is expected that these newly synthesized hybrid films could be a better opportunity for various sectors of tissue engineering such as skin, bone, tendon, and cartilage. These synthesized hybrid films can be suitable for wound healing covering. These studies could be a new scope for long-term drug delivery directly on wound sites in diabetic gangrene foot or burn patients as well as cartilage or joint replacement therapy.
References
[1]
Bhat, S., Uthappa, U.T., Altalhi, T., Jung, H. and Kurkuri, M.D. (2021) Functionalized Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Focused Review. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 8, 4039-4076. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00438
[2]
Jain, N., Singh, V.K. and Chauhan, S. (2017) A Review on Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Composites/Films. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 26, 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2017-0027
[3]
Agrawal, P., Soni, S., Mittal, G. and Bhatnagar, A. (2014) Role of Polymeric Biomaterials as Wound Healing Agents. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 13, 180-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734614544523
[4]
Collins, M.N., Ren, G., et al. (2021) Scaffold Fabrication Technologies and Structure/Function Properties in Bone Tissue Engineering. Wiley.
[5]
Tontowi, A.E., Anindyajati, A., Tangkudu, R. and Dewo, P. (2018) Biocomposite of Hydroxyapatite/Gelatin/PVA for Bone Graft Application. 2018 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yogyakarta, 19-20 October 2018.
[6]
Chen, X., Zhou, L., Xu, H., Yamamoto, M., Shinoda, M., Tada, I., et al. (2019) The Structure and Properties of Natural Sheep Casing and Artificial Films Prepared from Natural Collagen with Various Crosslinking Treatments. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 135, 959-968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.182
[7]
Godwin, A.D. (2000) Applied Polymer Science: 21st Century. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043417-9/50011-8
[8]
Karbowiak, T., Hervet, H., Léger, L., Champion, D., Debeaufort, F. and Voilley, A. (2006) Effect of Plasticizers (Water and Glycerol) on the Diffusion of a Small Molecule in Iota-Carrageenan Biopolymer Films for Edible Coating Application. Biomacromolecules, 7, 2011-2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm060179r
[9]
Li, M., Han, X., Fan, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, Q. and Xie, G. (2021) Autonomous Ultrafast-Self-Healing Hydrogel for Application in Multiple Environments. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 631, Article 127669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127669
[10]
Nady, N. and Kandil, S. (2018) Novel Blend for Producing Porous Chitosan-Based Films Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Membranes, 8, Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes8010002
[11]
Gonzalez, J.S. and Alvarez, V.A. (2014) Mechanical Properties of Polyvinylalcohol/Hydroxyapatite Cryogel as Potential Artificial Cartilage. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 34, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.01.019
[12]
Cahyaningrum, S.E., Herdyastuty, N., Devina, B. and Supangat, D. (2018) Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Powder by Wet Precipitation Method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 299, Article 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/299/1/012039
[13]
Sattary, M., Khorasani, M.T., Rafienia, M. and Rozve, H.S. (2017) Incorporation of Nanohydroxyapatite and Vitamin D3 into Electrospun PCL/Gelatin Scaffolds: The Influence on the Physical and Chemical Properties and Cell Behavior for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 29, 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4134
[14]
Pan, Y. and Xiong, D. (2010) Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Gel Composites. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 25, 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-010-0026-y
[15]
El Bahy, G.S., Gweily, N.M., et al. (2012) Preparation and Characterization of Poly Vinyl Alcohol/Gelatin Blends. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8, 3544-3551.
[16]
Muyonga, J.H., Cole, C.G.B. and Duodu, K.G. (2004) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Study of Acid Soluble Collagen and Gelatin from Skins and Bones of Young and Adult Nile Perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chemistry, 86, 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.09.038
[17]
Al-Mamun, A., Haque, P., Debnath, T., Rahman, M.F., Islam, J.M.M., Rahman, M.M., et al. (2018) γ-Irradiated Gelatin and Polyvinyl Alcohol Films as Artificial Articular Cartilage. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 33, 614-627. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718808555
[18]
Jain, D., Carvalho, E., Banthia, A.K. and Banerjee, R. (2010) Development of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Gelatin Membranes for Antibiotic Delivery in the Eye. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 37, 167-177. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2010.502533
[19]
Destaye, A.G., Lin, C. and Lee, C. (2013) Glutaraldehyde Vapor Cross-Linked Nanofibrous PVA Mat with in Situ Formed Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 5, 4745-4752. https://doi.org/10.1021/am401730x
[20]
Raucci, M.G., Demitri, C., Soriente, A., Fasolino, I., Sannino, A. and Ambrosio, L. (2018) Gelatin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Hydrogel Scaffold Prepared by Sol-Gel Technology as Filler to Repair Bone Defects. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 106, 2007-2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.36395
[21]
Basak, P., Pahari, P., Das, P., Das, N., Samanta, S.K. and Roy, S. (2018) Synthesis and Characterisation of Gelatin-PVA/Hydroxyapetite(HAP) Composite for Medical Applications. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 410, Article 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/410/1/012021
[22]
Asrofi, M., Dwilaksana, D., Abral, H. and Fajrul, R. (2019) Tensile, Thermal and Moisture Absorption Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Bengkuang (Pachyrhizuserosus) Starch Blend Films. Material Science Research India, 16, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.13005/msri/160110
[23]
Rogina, A., Šandrk, N., Teruel-Biosca, L., Antunović, M., Ivanković, M. and Ferrer, G.G. (2019) Bone-Mimicking Injectable Gelatine/Hydroxyapatite Hydrogels. Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 33, 325-335. https://doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2019.1663
[24]
Xu, M.J., Qin, M., Chen, W.Y., et al. (2020): Porous PVA/SA/HA Hydrogels Fabricated by Dual-Crosslinking Method for Bone Tissue Engineering. Journal of Biomaterials Science, 31, 816-631.
[25]
Zeng, S., Fu, S., Guo, G., Liang, H., Qian, Z., Tang, X., et al. (2011) Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 7, 549-557. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2011.1316
[26]
Salem, K.S., Lubna, M.M., Rahman, A.M., NurNabi, M., Islam, R. and Khan, M.A. (2014) The Effect of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Additions on the Thermo-Mechanical, Electrical, and Morphological Properties of Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend Nanocomposite. Journal of Composite Materials, 49, 1379-1391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998314534704
[27]
Zhang, X.X., Wang, H. and Xu, H.Y. (2003) Synthesis of Cadmium Titanate Powders by a Sol-Gel-Hydrothermal Method. Journal of Materials Science, 38, 2353-2356.
[28]
Kumar, A., Negi, Y.S., Choudhary, V. and Bhardwaj, N.K. (2014) Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Porous Biocomposite Scaffolds Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol, Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Cellulose Nanocrystals. Cellulose, 21, 3409-3426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0339-7
[29]
Swaroop, K., Gaana, M.J., Shruthi, S.S., Shrinidhi,, Shrikant, L.P., Vinayak, A.K., et al. (2019) Studies on Swelling Behaviour of Radiolytically Synthesised Pva/gelatin Hydrogels. AIP Conference Proceedings, Hisar, 18-22 December 2018, Article 030050. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5112889
[30]
Sun, M., Wang, Y., Yao, L., Li, Y., Weng, Y. and Qiu, D. (2022) Fabrication and Characterization of Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Scaffold. Polymers, 14, Article 1400. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071400
[31]
Pal, K., Banthia, A.K. and Majumdar, D.K. (2007) Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gelatin Hydrogel Membranes for Biomedical Applications. AAPS PharmSciTech, 8, E142-E146. https://doi.org/10.1208/pt080121
[32]
Gupta, S., Pramanik, A.K., Kailath, A., Mishra, T., Guha, A., Nayar, S., et al. (2009) Composition Dependent Structural Modulations in Transparent Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 74, 186-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.015
[33]
Abdullah, A.M., Aziz, S.B., Brza, M.A., Saeed, S.R., Al-Asbahi, B.A., Sadiq, N.M., et al. (2022) Glycerol as an Efficient Plasticizer to Increase the DC Conductivity and Improve the Ion Transport Parameters in Biopolymer Based Electrolytes: XRD, FTIR and EIS Studies. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15, Article 103791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103791
[34]
Mobasherpour, I., Heshajin, M.S., Kazemzadeh, A. and Zakeri, M. (2007) Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite by Using Precipitation Method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 430, 330-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.018
[35]
Kumar, S. and Koh, J. (2012) Physiochemical, Optical and Biological Activity of Chitosan-Chromone Derivative for Biomedical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13, 6102-6116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13056102
