Poland Syndrome: Breast Reconstruction Outcomes in 10 Years (2013-2023)

Summary: Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or complete absence of the pectoralis major muscle and a wide spectrum of thoracic anomalies, predominantly on the ipsilateral side. These anomalies include hypoplasia or aplasia of the breast and its components, hypotrophy of subcutaneous fat, and absence of axillary hair, as well as hand deformities that can range from syndactyly to ectrodactyly. The aim of this study was to gather information about patients diagnosed with Poland syndrome at the Central South High Specialty Hospital of Petróleos Mexicanos over a period of 10 years and to identify their reconstructive algorithm. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study was conducted to identify the population diagnosed with Poland syndrome at the “Central South High Specialty Hospital of Petróleos Mexicanos” during the period from 2013 to 2023. Results: The database of patients with Poland syndrome from 2013 to 2023 was analyzed, identifying a total of 8 patients with this diagnosis. Of these, 7 were women (90%) and 1 was a man (10%). The left side was more frequently affected (80%) compared to the right side (20%). The average reconstructive process required two surgical stages, mainly consisting of breast expander reconstruction (first stage) and replacement of the expander with an implant (second stage). Conclusions: Despite being a rare congenital condition, the volume of patients treated at the Central South High Specialty Hospital allows for improved diagnosis and contributes to their reconstructive process. The lack of diagnosis in the male population is notable, likely due to the absence of adequate screening.