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矿区重金属的形态分布特征与风险评价
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Abstract:
人为的采矿废水、废弃矿自然风化以及污水灌溉等，导致大量的重金属被赋存到农田土壤中，对人类健康和环境构成潜在风险。本研究旨在阐述矿区土壤中重金属的赋存形态，影响因素和迁移转化途径，并评价其相关风险。矿区土壤矿物组成和pH值是矿区土壤重金属赋存形态差异的主导因素，土壤性质、土壤微生物、动植物、环境因素土地利用等也是影响重金属赋存的重要影响因素。矿区土壤重金属污染评价的方法(内梅罗综合污染指数法、污染负荷指数法)和模型(潜在生态风险评价法、地积累指数法)。此外，我们还讨论了在矿区土壤中重金属赋存形态研究的新方法和思路，新的环境影响风险评估以及未来的研究方向。为进一步有效地降低重金属对矿区土壤的危害奠定了理论基础。
Human activities such as mining wastewater, natural weathering of abandoned mines, and sewage irrigation have resulted in a large amount of heavy metals being deposited into farmland soils, posing potential risks to human health and the environment. This study aims to elucidate the occurrence state, influencing factors, and migration and transformation pathways of heavy metals in mining area soils, and to assess the associated risks. The mineral composition and pH of mining area soils are the dominant factors affecting the differences in heavy metal occurrence state, while soil properties, soil microorganisms, flora and fauna, environmental factors, and land use are also important influencing factors. Methods and models for evaluating heavy metal pollution in mining area soils include the single factor pollution index method, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, and the pollution load index method. Additionally, we discuss new methods and approaches for studying the occurrence state of heavy metals in mining area soils, new environmental impact risk assessments, and future research directions. This lays a theoretical foundation for further effectively reducing the harm of heavy metals to mining area soils.
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