Síndromes paraneoplásicos neurológicos: para entender la respuesta inmune y los anticuerpos paraneoplásicos

paraneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system (cns) define the compromise of central nervous system diffuse or focally and it is due to an immune response of humoral type or cellular type without either metastasis or direct extension of the tumor. its incidence is low. the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic syndromes of the cns result from immune responses to intracellular antigens mediated mainly by t cells and responses mainly by antibodies to antigens expressed by tumors on cell membranes. the non paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes and syndromes without a subjacent cns tumor are two important entities for differential diagnosis, in which there is mediation by antibodies against synaptic proteins and surface cellular proteins. these share similar clinical characteristics with paraneoplastic disorders of cns. they affect children and young adult and are susceptible to immunotherapy depending on the immunologic mechanism involved. paraneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system may precede the tumor presentation. the onconeural antibodies facilitate limit a differential spectrum and lead to an early diagnosis and treatment. the objective of this review article is sought to the paraneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system characteristics and the immunologic mechanisms that identify them, to define the antibodies best studied and present a diagnostic and a treatment plans.