Escravos e cidad？os na Ilha Grande: a alvorada republicana demorou a chegar

the article introduces ilha grande, a district in the municipality of angra dos reis, and describes its role within the subsistence market economy and the memory of slavery as found in the angra dos reis civil records. according to the almanaque laemmert, this district had the largest number of slaves in the municipality as of the 1870s. most owners had few slaves, and the majority of landholdings were small. the angra dos reis civil records did not forget slavery after may 1888. a number of birth and death notifications describe the persons in question as former slaves. even in the twentieth century, clerks continued to describe various republican citizens as ex-slaves.