Emission factor of single pellet cake seed Jatropha curcas in a fix bed reactor

the objective of this study is to evaluate the emission factor of oil cake seed jatropha curcas that was formed into pellets with three parameters: pyrolisis, densification and air flow rate. the effect of pyrolisis was investigated using four samples of pellet: nonpyrolysis pellet, 90 minutes pyrolysis pellet, 120 minutes pyrolysis pellet, 150 minutes pyrolysis pellet. the effect of densification was provided by three samples: 11 mm, 13 mm, and 16 mm diameter. furthermore, the parameter of air flow rate was varied from 0.1 m/s to 0.4 m/s. the results show that the lowest emission factor occurs in the non-pyrolysis pellet containing 14.3 gram carbon monoxide per kilogram pellet. meanwhile the best densification was obtained by 13-mm diameter pellet containing 14.8 gram carbon monoxide. air flow rate of 2.0 m/s was the suitable air flow rate to achieve lowest emission factor.