O problema do ethos da escrita de si em Montaigne e em Petrarca: do ensaio à epístola

montaigne insists throughout the course of the essays on his disdain for rhetoric. but as we try to expose here, his "natural form" includes itself to a large extent in the terms of rhetoric itself, under a particular usage of the precepts and conventions traditionally appropriate to the discourse in first person, especially those which regulated the sermo familiaris, genre recuperated for the first time in the renaissance by petrarch. we retake, in order to develop it, the fruitful intuition of hugo friedrich in his classical work about montaigne's essays, indicating its kinship with petrarch's epistolary form, without, however, following him when he moves the essay away from the familiar epistle by interpreting the essay as a rupture with the rhetorical procedures and therefore with all the artistically worked prose of humanism.