La voluntad de no creer

is it rational to believe something because one wants to believe it? prima facie it is not, for a rational belief is based on reasons, and the will to believe can be a cause, but not a reason for the belief. nevertheless, some attempts of causally self-inducing beliefs can be viewed as a sort of second-order rationality. this paper sketches a view of this second-order rationality based on davidson's thesis of the divided mind and ortega's distinction between ideas and beliefs. the uncomfortable conclusion of the discussion is that the ability to have second-order beliefs about our beliefs is what makes possible both self-criticism and self-improvement and dogmatism and self-corruption and that the possibility condition of rationality and freedom and of irrationality and alienation are the same.