El cambio /r/ > [d] en el habla afrohispánica: ？un rasgo fonético "Congo"?

although the change of prevocalic /d/ > [r] is common in second language and many bilingual varieties of spanish, the opposite change of prevocalic /r/ > [d] is limited to a handful ofafro-hispanic speech communities in latin america. the present study explores the implications of this shift in four communities with plausible roots to kikongo and related languages of the congo basin. after examining the incorporation of portuguese loanwords into the bantu languages of the congo region, it is suggested that the change /r/ > [d] may reflect the influence of kikongo speakers？ acquisition of spanish during the colonial period.