Comparison of spawning patterns of the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) and anchoita (Engrautis anchoita) in Ubatuba region, southern Brazil during 1985 through 1988

the brazilian sardine (sardinella brasiliensis) and anchoita (engrautis anchoita) inhabit the southeastern brazilian bight. the former spawns at night (21:00-03:00) in coastal region during late-spring and summer, meanwhile, the latter spawns all year-around, mainly in coastal region during summer and in neritic region during winter. the spawning time of e. anchoita was observed all day long, but more intensively at night. during summer there occurs a strong vertical stratification of water masses. the spawning of s. brasiliensis occurs in surface mixed layer, while that of e. anchoita occurs beneath the thermocline inside the cool south atlantic central water which occupies the bottom layer during late spring and summer. however, the sardine and anchovy egss and larvae were found inside both the upper tropical and lower cold water masses, but predominantly above thermocline in this region