Molecular Cytogenetics Analysis: As A Technique and its Applications

Cytogenetic analysis always based on examination of chromosome. Before karyotype of an organism including their number, size, shape and internal arrangements, was determined from images taken from cells in metaphase. When banding techniques were developed, the individual chromosomes were identified. In 1960, in-situ hybridization utilized probes labelled with radioisotopes was used. Additionally, spectral karyotyping, multiplex fluorescence in-situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization and more recently array comparative genomic hybridization have proven to be useful for the characterization of structural chromosome aberrations found in conventional cytogenetics. In this review, we summarize the developments of chromosome analysis techniques and layout the applications for each technique in different area of science.