Lexical bundles in learner language: Lithuanian learners vs. native speakers. Leksini samplaik vartojimas mokini kalboje: kontrastinis lietuvi ir gimtakalbi angl kalbos vartotoj tyrimas

Corpus studies of recurrent word sequences, also known as lexical bundles, have outlined new directions in ELT/EFL research. The fact that naturally produced English consists of prefabricated multi-word units gave rise to the question of chunkiness in learner language. This study was thus designed to compare and contrast language produced by learners of three different levels of proficiency in terms of the use of lexical bundles. The analysis of lexical bundles retrieved from three corpora of written learner English showed that many more different bundles were established in the corpora representing less proficient learners which is interpreted as an indication of a more limited lexical repertoire which leads to more repetition. Furthermore, structural and functional analysis of lexical bundles showed that the language of non-native learners bears more resemblance to spoken English than the language of native speakers. These findings may be particularly useful to EFL practitioners as they seem to give new insights into the development of learner language. ------ Leksini samplaik arba pasikartojan i od i sek tyrimai angl lingvistikoje atv r nauj tyrimo kryp i angl kaip svetimosios kalbos studijoms. Tekstyn tyrin jimai parod , jog autenti koje angl kalboje itin da nai pasitaiko pasikartojan i od i sek , kurios produkuojant kalb atkuriamos kaip nedalomi vienetai. Tod l tik tina, jog kintant kalbos vartotoj pasiekimams toki sek kiekis ir pobūdis j kalboje taip pat gali kisti. Straipsnyje pristatomas kontrastinis mokini kalbos (angl. learner language) tekstyn tyrimas, analizuojantis leksini samplaik vartojim skirting pasiekimo lygi mokini kalboje. Keliama hipotez , kad samplaik vartojimo skirtumai gali lemti kokybinius vairi lygi mokini kalbos skirtumus. Tyrimo duomenys rinkti i trij tekstyn , kuri du (AFK1 ir LICLE tekstynai) reprezentuoja lietuvi gimtosios kalbos mokini ra ytin angl kalb , o tre iasis (LOCNESS) – gimtakalbi angl kalbos mokini kalb . Tyrimo rezultatai parod , jog tekstynai skiriasi tiek pagal juose nustatyt samplaik kiek , tiek pagal vyraujan ius struktūrinius ir funkcinius samplaik tipus, apibr iamus pagal Biber ir kt. (2004) ir Biber (2006) taksonomijas. emesnio pasiekim lygio mokiniai vartoja gerokai daugiau samplaik , o tai rodo, jog j kalboje yra daugiau pasikartojan ios leksikos negu gimtakalbi mokini kalboje, kuri laikytina leksi kai turtingesne. Be to, pagal struktūrinius ir funkcinius samplaik tipus lietuvi mokini kalba turi daugiau sakytin s angl kalbos bruo negu gimtakalb