Two ways of conceiving time in sports [Dva zp soby pojímání asu ve sportu]

BACKGROUND: This paper explores a foundational concept for our understanding of sport - the concept of time. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to explain two different concepts of time in sport. METHODS: Our methodology is philosophical, involving both conceptual and phenomenological analysis and the application of the outcomes to sports practice. RESULTS: First, two concepts of time and their role in sport are discussed - time as linear, measurable, homogeneous and objective; and time as discussed in the philosophy of existence, namely in the work of Martin Heidegger, in which he introduces the concept of "original temporality". Second, sports are classified into four different groups depending on the role of time in them, and basic characterisations of each are worked out. While within the first three groups the concept of objective time is salient, a suggestion is made regarding the potential of the fourth group, which includes high risk sports, for the realisation of original temporality. CONCLUSIONS: The two concepts of time presented in this paper explain the basis of sport and show its relationship to the human experiencing of sport activities. The text shows that the concept of objective time is necessary for the practice of some sports, whilst other sports use it rather in a secondary way, e. g. for the comparison of winners. Original temporality as a basis of human experiencing is present in all sports. While in most of them it is limited by objective time, in some sports (especially in high risk sports) the possibility of the realization of original temporality is opened. [VYCHODISKA: Text se zabyvá jedním ze základních pojm ve sportu - pojmem asu. CíLE: Cílem textu je vysvětlit dvě r zná pojetí asu ve sportu. METODIKA: Na e metoda je filosofická a zahrnuje pojmovou a fenomenologickou analyzu a aplikaci vysledk do sportovní praxe. VYSLEDKY: Nejprve jsou diskutovány dva pojmy asu a jejich role ve sportu - pojetí asu jako to lineárního, mě itelného, homogenního a objektivního a as v podání filosofie existence, zvlá tě v pojetí Martina Heideggera, ktery p edstavuje pojem "p vodní asovost". Poté jsou sporty rozděleny do ty r znych skupin v závislosti na roli, kterou v nich hraje as, a jsou rozpracovány jejich základní charakteristiky. Zatímco v rámci prvních t í skupin se ukazuje d le itost objektivního asu, tvrtá skupina sport , která zahrnuje vysoce rizikové sporty, poukazuje k mo nosti realizace p vodní asovosti. ZáVěRY: V textu jsou p edstavena dvě pojetí asu, která vysvětlují základ sportu a která jsou vzta ena k lidsk