Study of lipid profile and parieto-temporal lipid peroxidation in AlCl3 mediated neurotoxicity. modulatory effect of fenugreek seeds

Oral administration of AlCl3 to rats during 5 months (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via the drinking water) enhanced the levels of LPO in posterior brain, liver and plasma together with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and LDL-C (Low Density Lipoproteins) levels. All these parameters were decreased following fenugreek seeds supplementation either as fenugreek seed powder (FSP) or fenugreek seed extract (FSE). A notable significant correlation was observed between LPObrain and LDL-C on one hand and LDHliver on the other hand. This latter was found to correlate positively with TC, TG and LDL-C. Furthermore, high significant correlations were observed between LDHbrain and TC, TG, LDL-C, LPObrain as well as LDHliver.Aluminium-induced LPO in brain could arise from alteration of lipid metabolism particularly altered lipoprotein metabolism rather than a direct effect of cholesterol oxidation. Fenugreek seeds could play an anti-peroxidative role in brain which may be attributed in part to its modulatory effect on plasmatic lipid metabolism.A close relationship between lipid peroxidation and hypercholesterolemia and/or hyperlipidemia has been evidenced in plasma, liver and aorta through many studies in animals and humans [1]. These factors contribute to the process of several pathologies namely atherosclerosis, but also seem implicated in the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) [2]. Indeed, lipid peroxidation is considered as the most prominent form of oxidative damage in neurodegenerative lesions due to the brain's relative enrichment in polyunsaturated fatty acids [3]. On the other hand, an increasing number of reviews implicating cholesterol metabolism in the development of AD have been published [4] which suggest cholesterol as a target for treatment. However, although it is admitted that an animal model able to reproduce all the cognitive, behavioural, bioche