The DNA chromatin condensation expressed by the image optical density of chromosomes and heterochromatin in proliferating single human leukemic granulocytic progenitors

The appearance of heterochromatin is generally accepted as a useful tool for the evaluation of the cell state including pathology; however, information on the heterochromatin DNA condensation state expressed by the image optical density in interphase nuclear regions and mitotic chromosomes with silent genes is very limited. Since human proliferating myeloblasts are a very convenient model, they were studied in the bone marrow of leukemic patients and established cell cultures using computer assisted image densitometry at the single cell level after heterochromatin visualization by a simple but sensitive cytochemical procedure for demonstration of DNA. As was expected, a high DNA image optical density was noted in central heterochromatin regions in contrast to the nuclear periphery at the nuclear envelope. Similarly, a high nuclear DNA image optical density was also expressed in mitotic chromosomes. Thus the possibility exists that the large heterochromatin DNA condensation expressed by the large image optical density in central nuclear regions, as in mitotic chromosomes, is related to silent gene locations. The similar width of mitotic chromosomes and chromatin fibrils in the heterochromatin regions in the interphase nuclei supports that explanation. The chromatin DNA fibrils in the central heterochromatin nuclear regions of interphase cells might just represent masked silent chromosomal segments. Such a conclusion is in harmony with “classical” cytology in the first part of the last century, which suggests the chromosome continuity from the mitotic division to the interphase where each chromatin region (“Kernbezirk”) actually represents a chromosomal territory.