Objective. Researchers have established a preponderance of height overestimation among men and weight underestimation among women in self-reported anthropometric data, which skews obesity prevalence data and obscures obesity-chronic disease relationships. The objective of this study was to reevaluate associations between obesity and chronic diseases using body mass index (BMI) correction equations derived from measured data. Methods. Measured height and weight (MHW) data were collected on a subsample of the 17,126 Atlantic Canadians who participated in the 2007-2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). To obtain corrected BMI estimates for the 17,126 adults, correction equations were developed in the MHW subsample and multiple regression procedures were used to model BMI. To test obesity-chronic disease relationships, logistic regression models were utilized. Results. The correction procedure eliminated statistically significant relations ( ) between obesity and chronic bronchitis and obesity and stroke. Also, correction attenuated many relationships between adiposity and chronic disease. For example, among obese adults, there was a 13%, 12%, and 7% reduction in the adjusted odds ratios for asthma, urinary incontinence, and cardiovascular disease, respectively. Conclusion. Further research is needed to fully understand how the usage of self-reported data alters our understanding of the relationships between overweight or obesity and chronic diseases. 1. Introduction With over one billion people overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25.0–29.9？kg/m2) and 500 million obese (BMI ≥ 30.0？kg/m2), the World Health Organization (WHO) considers obesity to be a global epidemic [1, 2]. Obesity is listed as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD, that is, hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease), type 2 diabetes, several types of cancer (i.e., colorectal, kidney, breast, endometrial, ovarian, and pancreatic), asthma, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and chronic back pain [3]. Besides the heavy toll on morbidity and mortality rates exacted especially by severe obesity [4, 5], excess body fat also reportedly has a substantial economic burden on society. In Canada, the direct medical cost of overweight and obesity was $6.0 billion in 2006 [6]. While research has shown that obesity is associated with a number of chronic health conditions [1, 7], the relationships, though still significant, may be weaker than once thought [8–12]. Most studies investigating the link between obesity and adverse health outcomes use
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