全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

The Coexistence of Humans and Companion Animals in the City Parks of Xanthi: The Views of the Citizens

DOI: 10.1155/2012/462025

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Companion animals are very important to people of big cities. In Greece the families which own those animals take them for a walk in the parks and streets of their town but not always with care to not disturb other citizens. Laws and regulations for companion and stray animals are not respected in Greece, although as a result of the Athens Olympics in 2004 the Greek government started to provide funds for the collection, care, and sterilization of stray animals. This paper is a first attempt to record, through the aid of a structured questionnaire, the view of the citizens of the city of Xanthi in northern Greece regarding companion animals and what they do when animals become old. The paper also examines the extent to which the existence of stray and companion animals in parks disturbs the people who visit green areas looking for a place to get a rest or play on the grass. The majority preferred that stray animals are collected off the streets, recorded, treated from parasites, vaccinated, and sterilized and after that are available for adoption or are returned to the area they were found at. 1. Introduction In all societies people coexist with animals. The interaction of humans with animals takes place in various forms from parasitism and rapacity to companionship [1]. Recent human history may be seen as a gradual displacement from life in nature to life in cities. Man is a species which evolved from the natural environment and, therefore, finds it difficult to live without some contact with nature [2]. The urban environment is a part of the global ecological network [3] where the combination of diverse human actions and natural forces will continue to shape urban green areas as an everyday environment for people. Nevertheless, in our movement from the natural environment to the cities we were followed by companion animals, which just like us also use the urban green. Generally, Greek cities do not have the green they should have. In Greece, only 2.8?m2 of green space is available to each individual, whereas in Western Europe 20?m2/person is available [4]. The inhabitants of Greek cities are called to share with companion animals this small urban space of green. Companion animals are very important to people who own them. The relationship of people with companion animals is often so strong that in cases of physical disasters their owners refuse to abandon their house without their pet [5]. Research has been carried out on the physical and mental benefits humans have from their companionship with animals [6]. Such benefits include the prevention and

References

[1]  T. Ingold, What Is an Animal?Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1994.
[2]  R. W. Miller, Urban Forestry, Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 2nd edition, 1997.
[3]  J. F. Dwyer, D. J. Nowak, and M. H. Noble, “Sustaining urban forests,” Journal of Arboriculture, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 49–55, 2003.
[4]  A. Hatzistathis, T. Zagas, D. Trakolis, P. Ganatsas, and G. Malamidis, “Report on the state of art of Greece,” in Research and Development in Urban Forestry in Europe, M. Forrest, C. C. Konijendijk, and T. B. Randrup, Eds., pp. 142–156, European Communities, Brussels, Belgium, 1999.
[5]  S. E. Heath, P. H. Kass, A. M. Beck, and L. T. Glickman, “Human and pet-related risk factors for household evacuation failure during a natural disaster,” American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 153, no. 7, pp. 659–665, 2001.
[6]  S. Knight and H. Herzog, “All creatures great and small: new perspectives on psychology and human-animal interactions,” Journal of Social Issues, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 451–461, 2009.
[7]  D. L. Wells, “The effects of animals on human health and well-being,” Journal of Social Issues, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 523–543, 2009.
[8]  K. Allen, J. Blascovich, and W. B. Mendes, “Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: the truth about cats and dogs,” Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 727–739, 2002.
[9]  S. Knight and V. Edwards, “In the company of wolves: the physical, social, and psychological benefits of dog ownership,” Journal of Aging and Health, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 437–455, 2008.
[10]  M. P. Chase, “Animal rights: an interdisciplinary, selective bibliography,” Law Library Journal, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 359–391, 1990.
[11]  J. Meyerhoff, U. Liebe, and V. Hartje, “Benefits of biodiversity enhancement of nature-oriented silviculture: evidence from two choice experiments in Germany,” Journal of Forest Economics, vol. 15, no. 1-2, pp. 37–58, 2009.
[12]  D. Hoyos, “The state of the art of environmental valuation with discrete choice experiments,” Ecological Economics, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 1595–1603, 2010.
[13]  M. Pagano and K. Gauvreau, Elements of Biostatistics, Ellin Publications, Athens, Greece, 2000.
[14]  W. Mendenhall, Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Duxbury Press, Belmont, Calif, USA, 5th edition, 1979.
[15]  R. G. D. Steel, J. H. Torrie, and D. A. Dickey, Principles and Procedures of Statistics a Biometrical Approach, WCB/McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA, 1997.
[16]  V. G. Makrakis, Data Analysis in Scientific Research Using SPSS, Gutenberg Publications, Athens, Greece, 1997.
[17]  C. Gnardellis, Applied Statistics, Papazisis Publications, Athens, Greece, 2003.
[18]  D. Howitt and D. Gramer, Statistics With the SPSS 11 For Windows, Prentice Hall, Hemel Hempstead, UK, 2003.
[19]  S. Knight, K. Nunkoosing, A. Vrij, and J. Cherryman, “Using grounded theory to examine people's attitudes toward how animals are used,” Society and Animals, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 307–327, 2003.
[20]  G. Wagstaff, “Attitudes toward animals and human beings,” The Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 131, no. 4, pp. 573–575, 1990.
[21]  S. A. Balcom, “Legislating a solution to animal shelter euthanasia: a case study of California's controversial SB 1785,” Society and Animals, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 128–150, 2000.
[22]  N. Kogure and K. Yamazaki, “Attitudes to animal euthanasia in Japan: a brief review of cultural influences,” Anthrozo?s, vol. 3, pp. 151–154, 1990.
[23]  C. R. Sanders, “Killing with kindness: veterinary euthanasia and the social construction of personhood,” Sociological Forum, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 195–214, 1995.
[24]  T. Bjerke, B. P. Kaltenbom, and T. S. ?deg?rdstuen, “Animal-related activities and appreciation of animals among children and adolescents,” Anthrozoos, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 86–94, 2001.
[25]  J. Blewitt, “Critical practice and the public pedagogy of environmental and conservation media,” Environmental Education Research, vol. 17, pp. 719–734, 2011.
[26]  C. J. Soares, “The companion animal in the context of the family system,” Marriage and Family Review, vol. 8, pp. 49–62, 1985.
[27]  J. H. Church, “In focus: how the media portrays animals,” The Animals' Agenda, vol. 16, pp. 24–28, 1996.
[28]  G. J. Patronek, “Issues for veterinarians in recognizing and reporting animal neglect and abuse,” Society and Animals, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 267–280, 1997.
[29]  A. Arluke, “Coping with euthanasia: a case study of shelter culture.,” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, vol. 198, no. 7, pp. 1176–1180, 1991.
[30]  H. Herzog, N. Betchart, and R. Pittman, “Sex role identity and attitudes toward animals,” Anthrozo?s, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 184–192, 1991.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133