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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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青藏高原增温效应对垂直带谱的影响
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201503005, PP. 407-419
Keywords: 青藏高原,增温效应,垂直带谱,林线,温暖指数,10,℃等值线
Abstract:
青藏高原作为巨大的热源对亚洲气候、高原生态格局等产生重要的影响。但青藏高原的增温效应最初是20世纪50年代因其对亚洲气候的重大影响而被发现的,因此,大量的相关研究主要集中在高原夏季增温对气候的影响方面,而高原增温效应对高原地理生态格局的影响研究却非常少。利用收集到的气象台站观测数据、基于MODIS地表温度估算的青藏高原气温数据、林线数据和垂直带谱数据及DEM数据,通过对比分析高原内部与外围山区垂直带谱高度的变化及林线的分布规律,并以高原内部与边缘地区相同海拔高度上的气温差、最热月10℃等温线、15℃·月的温暖指数等温度指标来定量描述高原的增温效应及其对垂直带谱和林线的影响。研究结果表明①由于青藏高原增温效应的影响,高原内部气温和生长季长度高于边缘地区,相同海拔高度上,高原内部各月气温比边缘地区高2~7℃;在4500m高度上,高原内部各月气温比四川盆地高3.58℃（4月）到6.63℃（6月）;最热月10℃等温线的海拔高度也从东部边缘（4000m以下）向内部逐渐升高,在拉萨-改则一带则可出现在4600~5000m的高度;15℃·月的温暖指数的海拔高度也从边缘向内部逐渐升高,在4500m的海拔高度上,横断山区、高原南部和中部地区的温暖指数均能达到15℃·月以上,而其它边缘地区则都低于15℃·月。②青藏高原垂直带谱和林线的分布规律与增温效应的规律极其一致,即均从东部边缘向内部逐渐升高,表明增温效应抬升了高原内部垂直带谱的分布范围和高度山地暗针叶林带的分布范围在高原内部比东部边缘地区高1000~1500m;山地草甸带的分布范围在高原内部比东部边缘高出700~900m;高原内部林线比外围地区高500~1000m左右。最热月10℃等温线和15℃·月温暖指数的分布规律与林线分布规律一致,表明高原增温效应对垂直带谱的分布具有重要的影响。
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