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三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.07.0791, PP. 791-801

Keywords: 三大自然区过渡地带,气候变化,柯本气候分类,积温—,干燥度,响应

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Abstract:

三大自然区(东部季风区、西北干旱区、青藏高原区)过渡地带,由于其特殊的地理位置,受到亚洲季风、中纬度西风环流共同影响,对气候变化的响应较为敏感。使用国际通用的柯本气候分类法和国内常用的积温与干燥度分类法,研究了97.5°~108°E,33°~41.5°N的三大自然区过渡地带1961—2010年的气候带类型及其变化过程。并通过将各气候类型的面积变化与主要季风指数、西风指数和南方涛动等主要指数进行了对比,并计算了他们的关系,与此同时结合东亚各气候区气温及降水的变化模式探讨三大自然区过渡地带气候变化对各气候系统的响应。基于此项研究夏季西风和东亚冬季风的增强会使该区域变湿,东亚夏季风、南亚夏季风增强则会使该区域海拔较低的区域变干,海拔较高的区域变湿。高原夏季风的增强则会使整个区域变干。北大西洋涛动增强,会使该区域变湿;厄尔尼诺增强(减弱),则会使该区域变干(变湿)。总体来讲,该区域的水分状况主要受控于中纬度西风带环流,虽然亚洲夏季风的增强有可能会增加该区域东南部的降水,但是根据计算出的干燥度和气候带类型变化,增温效应可能会抵消降水增加,从而使该区域变干。根据本项研究,三大自然区过渡地带受到多个气候系统的相互作用,气温及降水等单一指标,并不能完全代表该区域气候变化特征,气候带类型面积变化可以作为一个重要的指标运用于该区域气候变化评价。

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