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热带平流层准两年振荡对热带对流层顶和深对流活动的影响

DOI: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.06.0724, PP. 724-736

Keywords: 热带平流层准两年振荡(QBO),深对流活动,对流层顶,热带

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Abstract:

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料通过合成分析的方法研究了热带平流层准两年振荡(QBO)影响热带对流层顶及深对流活动的基本特征及可能的物理机制。研究发现,QBO对对流层顶和大气射出长波辐射(OLR)的影响存在明显的季节和空间上的差异。QBO对对流层顶和OLR的影响在冬、秋季最大,春、夏季相对较弱。与QBO造成的对流层顶高度和温度异常所不同是,QBO造成的OLR异常并没有呈现出一样的沿热带的带状分布特征,OLR异常沿赤道区域有正有负。另外,QBO对OLR的影响主要在热带对流活跃区域,尤其是在印度尼西亚和西太平洋区域,QBO东风位相下的对流活动要强于QBO西风位相下的对流活动。QBO造成的OLR异常和对流层顶异常在水平分布上有显著的差异,表明QBO对对流层顶的影响主要是与QBO风切变的异常有关,QBO影响热带深对流活动进而影响对流层顶温度的作用是次要的。进一步研究QBO影响对流活动可能的机制发现,QBO造成的浮力频率异常和对流层有效位能(CAPE)异常与OLR异常在水平分布上有较一致的变化,说明QBO不仅通过调节对流层顶高度和温度影响热带的深对流活动,还可以通过调节对流层的静力稳定度、CAPE来影响热带地区深对流活动。

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