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西安市高温闷热天气的气候特征及其环流形势

, PP. 912-919

Keywords: 高温,闷热,对比分析,环流形势

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Abstract:

利用西安市1951-2013年63a的日最高气温(Tmax≥35℃)资料,对高温日数的月、季、年际、年代际变化特征进行了分析,计算了1980-2013年闷热指数(THI),在此基础上定义了酷热日,比较了高温日数及酷热日数的变化特征和相互联系。结果表明:高温天气具有明显的年代际变化,20世纪50、60年代高温日数较多,分别为24.7d·a-1,26.5d·a-1,70年代开始逐渐减少为21.8d·a-1,80年代进入低谷期14.5d·a-1,90年代开始增多为23.3d·a-1,21世纪(2001-2013年)达到最多27.5d·a-1;高温天气出现的开始日期具有提前趋势,结束日期具有推后的趋势。酷热天气出现的频率明显少于高温天气出现的频率,高温天气出现在4~9月,酷热天气出现在6~9月,而高温酷热出现最多的月份是7月。当酷热日天气出现时,87.5%的酷热日与高温日相对应,最高气温在32.4℃以上,相对湿度比较大。通过对高温及酷热天气的前10个个例环流形势的分析发现,酷热天气除与高温有关外还与副热带高压的西伸北抬带来的暖湿气流有关,中高层为下沉气流,低层为暖湿气流,形成高温高湿的闷热天气,而单纯的高温天气多与大陆高压或青藏高压的控制密切有关,以深厚的干暖下沉气流为主,天气以晴朗干燥天气为主。

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