全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
高原气象  2012 

内蒙古科尔沁沙地起沙近地层动力学阈值的试验研究

, PP. 38-46

Keywords: 科尔沁沙地,沙尘天气,起沙,临界起沙摩擦速度,微气象学

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

利用内蒙古科尔沁沙地沙尘暴探测与监测试验站2008年和2009年春季沙尘和近地层观测资料,研究了不同沙尘天气条件下沙尘浓度随摩擦速度的变化规律,对比分析了不同天气(晴天、扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴)入射短波辐射和净辐射的演变,并利用两层高度沙尘浓度差,区分局地起沙和非局地起沙,有效地避免了沙尘水平输送引起的起沙阈值的低估。结果表明,起沙前,摩擦速度和沙尘浓度数值都较低;临近起沙阶段,摩擦速度迅速增大而沙尘浓度基本保持不变;起沙时,摩擦速度数值较高,沙尘浓度迅速增大;沙尘天气减弱阶段,沙尘浓度随摩擦速度近似呈线性减小。科尔沁沙地春季临界起沙摩擦速度u*t和临界起沙风速ut分别为0.62m·s-1和9.5m·s-1,扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴天气的起沙阈值依次略有增加。与晴天天气相比,沙尘天气到达地面的短波辐射和净辐射明显减少。

References

[1]  朱好,张宏升.沙尘天气过程临界起沙因子的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2011, 26(1): 30-38.
[2]  Shao Y, Lu H. A simple expression for wind erosion threshold friction velocity[J]. J Geophys Res, 2000, 105(D17): 22437-22443. doi:10.1029/2000JD900304.
[3]  申彦波,沈志宝,杜明远,等.风蚀起沙的影响因子及其变化特征[J].高原气象, 2005, 24(4): 611-616.
[4]  Gillette A D.Production of dust that may be carried great distances[J]. Spec Pap Geol Soc Am, 1981, 196: 11-26.
[5]  Alfaro S C, Gomes L. Modeling mineral aerosol production by wind erosion: Emission intensities and aerosol size distributions in source areas[J]. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106(D16): 18075-18084, doi:10.1029/2000JD900339.
[6]  Bagnold R A. The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M]. London: Methuen, 1941.
[7]  胡孟春,刘玉章,乌兰,等.科尔沁沙地土壤风蚀的风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠, 1991, 11(1): 22-29.
[8]  移小勇,赵哈林,李玉霖,等.科尔沁沙地不同风沙土的风蚀特征[J].水土保持学报, 2006, 20(2): 10-13.
[9]  刘小平,董治宝.湿沙的风蚀起动风速实验研究[J].水土保持通报, 2002, 22(2): 1-5.
[10]  Xuan J. Turbulence factors for threshold velocity and emission rate of atmospheric mineral dust[J]. Atmos Environ, 2004, 38(12): 1777-1783.
[11]  Ravi S, Zobeck T M, Over T M,et al. On the effect of moisture bonding forces in air dry soils on threshold friction velocity of wind erosion[J]. Sedimentology, 2006, 53(3): 597-609.
[12]  Gillette D A, Passi R.Modeling dust emission caused by wind erosion[J]. J Geophys Res, 1988, 93(D11): 14233-14242.
[13]  申彦波,沈志宝,杜明远,等.敦煌春季沙尘天气过程中某些参量和影响因子的变化特征[J]. 高原气象, 2003, 22(4): 378-384.
[14]  张宏升,朱好,彭艳,等.沙尘天气过程沙地下垫面沙尘通量的获取与分析研究[J]. 气象学报, 2007, 65(5): 744-752.
[15]  朱好,张宏升.中国西北不同沙源地区起沙阈值的对比分析与研究[J]. 气象学报, 2010, 68(6): 977-984.
[16]  李晓岚,张宏升.我国沙尘天气微气象学和湍流输送特征研究进展[J]. 干旱气象, 2010, 28(3): 256-264.
[17]  朱好,张宏升.沙尘释放通量外场观测和参数化研究进展[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 47(4): 768-776.
[18]  沈志宝,申彦波,杜明远,等.沙尘暴期间戈壁沙地起沙率的观测结果[J]. 高原气象, 2003, 22(6): 545-550.
[19]  申彦波,沈志宝,杜明远,等.敦煌戈壁地表风蚀起沙量的计算[J].高原气象, 2004, 23(5): 648-653.
[20]  Gillette D A, Adams J, Endo A, et al. Threshold velocities for input of soil particles into the air by desert soils [J]. J Geophys Res, 1980, 85(C10): 5621-5630.
[21]  Westphal D L, Toon O B, Carlson T N. A case study of mobilization and transport of Saharan dust[J]. J Atmos Sci, 1988, 45(15): 2145-2175. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[22]  Alfaro S C, Gaudichet A, Gomes L,et al.Modeling the size distribution of a soil aerosol produced by sandblasting[J]. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102(D10): 11239-11249.
[23]  Alfaro S C, Gaudichet A, Gomes L, et al.Mineral aerosol production by wind erosion, aerosol particle sizes and binding energies[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 1998, 25(7):991-994.
[24]  Lu H, ShaoY. Toward quantitative prediction of dust storms: an integrated wind erosion modeling system and its applications[J]. Environmental Modeling & Software, 2001, 16(3):233-249.
[25]  张钛仁,宋振鑫,王金艳,等.植被参数变化对沙尘起沙影响机理的数值模拟[J]. 高原气象, 2008, 27(2): 392-400.
[26]  Shao Y. A model for mineral dust emission[J]. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106(D17): 20239-20254.
[27]  Park S U, In H J. Parameterization of dust emission for the simulation of the yellow sand (Asian dust) event observed in March 2002 in Korea[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(D19), doi:10.1029/2003JD003484.
[28]  In H J, Park S U. Estimation of dust emission amount for a dust storm event occurred in April 1998 in China[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2003, 148(1-4): 201-221.
[29]  Kurosaki Y, Mikami M. Effect of snow cover on threshold wind velocity of dust outbreak[J]. Geophys ResLett, 2004, 31, L03106, doi:10.1029/2003GL018632.
[30]  Kimura R, Shinoda M. Spatial distribution of threshold wind speeds for dust outbreaks in northeast Asia[J]. Geomorphology, 2010, 114(3): 319-325.
[31]  Park S U, Choe A, Lee E H, et al.The Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2) with the use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from the Spot4/vegetation data[J].Theor Appl Climatol,2010,101(1-2): 191-208,doi:10.1007/s00704-009-0244-4.
[32]  蒋德明,刘志民,曹成有, 等.科尔沁沙地荒漠化过程与生态恢复[M].北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2003: 219-221.
[33]  万本太,康晓风,张建辉, 等.基于颗粒物浓度的沙尘天气分级标准研究[J].中国环境监测, 2004, 20(3): 8-11.
[34]  朱好,张宏升,彭艳, 等.不同沙尘天气微气象和沙尘演变规律的对比研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 44(4): 579-584.
[35]  Garratt J R. The atmospheric boundary layer[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992: 52-53.
[36]  Dyer A J. A review of flux-profile relationships[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteor, 1974, 7(3): 363-372.
[37]  Businger J A, Wyngaard J C, Izumi Y, et al. Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer[J]. J Atmos Sci, 1971, 28: 181-189. 2.0.CO;2 target="_blank">
[38]  张强,王胜.论特强沙尘暴(黑风)的物理特性及其气候效应[J].中国沙漠, 2005, 25(5): 675-681.
[39]  Shao Y. Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion[M]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2008.
[40]  Shao Y, Yang Y, Wang J, et al. Northeast Asian duststorms: Real-time numerical prediction and validation[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(D22), doi: 10.1029/2003JD003667.
[41]  Andreae M O. Climate effect of changing atmospheric aerosol levels[J]. World Survey of Climatology, 1995, 16: 347-398.
[42]  Andreae M O, Rosenfeld D. Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction Part 1:The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols[J]. Earth-Sci Rev, 2008, 89(1-2): 13-41.
[43]  沈志宝,魏丽.中国西北大气沙尘对地气系统和大气辐射加热的影响[J].高原气象, 1999, 18(3): 425-435.
[44]  成天涛,吕达仁,徐永福.浑善达克沙地沙尘气溶胶的辐射强迫[J].高原气象, 2005, 24(6): 920-926.
[45]  史培军.中国土壤风蚀研究的现状与展望[R].第十二届国际水土保持大会邀请学术报告, 2002: 1-15.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133